中等职业教育能促进经济发展吗?——来自中国中等职业教育与经济发展的相关关系探究

Can Secondary Vocational Education Promote Economic Development?——Exploring the Relationship between Secondary Vocational Education and Economic Development in China

中等职业教育与经济发展密不可分,本研究基于2001年至2020年中国政府公示数据,分析中国的中等职业教育和经济增长的互动关系,发现中等职业教育与GDP、第二产业显著相关且协调发展,贡献率分别为27.5%、36.2%,影响的单向性明显;与第一产业、第三产业无统计学意义上的相关关系,其原因可以解释为第一产业整体发展水平较低与第三产业的知识需求极化,以及职教学生主体来自农村影响职教认同,造成“第一产业”生源不足和“第三产业”适配不强。研究认为要真正实现中等职业教育服务经济发展的作用,有必要补齐职业教育对接第一产业、第三产业的短板,在现代职教体系、产教融合及优化职教布局、技能匹配及预测机制建设上发力,并配合中等职业教育社会认同体系建构。

Secondary vocational education is closely related to economic development.Based on publicly announced data from the Chinese government from 2001 to 2020,this study analyzes the interactive relationship between secondary vocational education and economic growth in China.It is found that secondary vocational education is significantly correlated and coordinated with GDP and secondary industry,with contribution rates of 27.5% and 36.2% respectively,indicating a clear one-way effect.There is no statistically significant correlation between the primary industry,and tertiary industry,which can be explained by the lower overall development level of the primary industry and the polarization of knowledge demand in the tertiary industry,as well as the influence of rural students on vocational education identity,resulting in a shortage of students in the primary industry and weak adaptation to the tertiary industry.Research suggests that in order to truly realize the role of secondary vocational education in serving economic development,it is necessary to fill the gaps in the connection between vocational education and the primary and tertiary industries.Efforts should be made in modern vocational education systems,industry education integration and optimization of vocational education layout,skill matching and prediction mechanism construction,and to cooperate with the construction of the social identity system of secondary vocational education.