版权领域刑事合规研究

The Criminal Compliance System for Copyright Protection

侵犯企业版权的犯罪主要集中在计算机软件、文字作品、音像制品等方面,处罚方式既有单罚制、也有双罚制。企业容易成为版权领域犯罪的高危主体,在生产经营活动中不断获得版权的同时,也蕴含着侵犯版权的风险。面对企业版权涉罪风险增加的趋势,实施刑事合规制度可以分割企业责任,帮助企业出罪。但与此同时也不能忽略比例原则,以平衡创新与经济效益之间的关系。为此,应当树立利益平衡合规理念,优化企业版权刑事合规制度整改的实质效果;构建有效的行刑衔接机制,避免企业在此过程中因未及时停止行政违法行为而进一步触犯刑事法律的风险;完善暂缓起诉协议制度,激励涉案企业主动退缴违法所得并赔偿损失,发挥刑事合规制度在保护版权方面的导向功能;将刑事合规作为法定量刑情节,满足社会公众对合规从宽激励的稳定预期。健全版权领域的刑事合规制度,探索在企业版权领域构建适合我国国情的版权保护制度,具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

The crimes of infringing on the copyright of enterprises are mainly concentrated in computer software,written works,audio-visual products,etc.,and the punishment methods are both single and double penalty systems.Enterprises are prone to become high-risk entities for crimes in the field of copyright.While continuously obtaining copyright in their production and business activities,they also face the risk of copyright infringement.In the face of the increasing risk of copyright crimes of enterprises,the implementation of a criminal compliance system can divide the responsibilities of enterprises and help enterprises decriminalization.At the same time,however,the principle of proportionality should not be ignored in order to balance the relationship between innovation and economic efficiency.First,the concept of compliance should be established to balance interests,and optimize the substantive effect of the rectification of the corporate copyright criminal compliance system.Secondly,it is necessary to build an effective mechanism for the connection between the administration and the judiciary to prevent enterprises from further violating criminal laws because they fail to stop administrative violations in a timely manner.Thirdly,it is necessary to establish a system of deferred prosecution agreements to encourage enterprises involved in cases to voluntarily return illegal gains and compensate for losses,and give full play to the social role of the criminal compliance system in protecting copyright.Finally,criminal compliance is taken as a statutory sentencing circumstance so that the public can realize the stable expectation of the compliance leniency incentive system.Therefore,it is of great practical significance and theoretical value to improve the criminal compliance system in the field of copyright and explore the construction of a copyright protection system suitable for China's national conditions in the field of enterprise copyright.