γ-亚麻酸的富集及其生理功效研究进展

Research Progress on the Enrichment ofγ-Linolenic Acid and Its Physiological Functions

γ-亚麻酸(GLA)是含有三个双键的多不饱和脂肪酸,因其具有多种生物学活性而备受关注。GLA目前主要的植物来源为琉璃苣、月见草和黑加仑等,微生物来源大多为藻类和真菌。现有的GLA分离纯化技术各有优缺点,单一的富集方法无法满足高纯度GLA的要求,采用不同方法综合使用、结合现代化分离提取技术是未来制备GLA的方法。同时,多项研究表明,GLA在机体的物质代谢和生理调控上发挥着十分重要的作用,对血脂、抗血栓性心血管疾病、癌症和糖尿病等慢性疾病具有很好的预防效果,但具体的作用机理仍需进一步研究。综上所述,GLA是一种对人体有益的脂肪酸,但其人体内的代谢途径和生理功效仍然需要进一步挖掘,从而为GLA作为功能性保健食品的开发提供理论支撑。

The γ-linolenic acid(GLA),a polyunsaturated fatty acid with three double bonds,has attracted much attention due to its numerous biological properties.Borage,evening primrose,and blackcurrant are the primary sources of GLA,while algae and fungi constitute the majority of microbial sources.Existing GLA separation and purification technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages.A single enrichment method can not meet the requirements for high-purity GLA.The comprehensive use of different methods and the combination of modern separation and extraction technology could be the methods for preparing GLA in the future.Simultaneously,numerous studies have demonstrated the crucial involvement of GLA in the body’s metabolism and physiological control,as well as its efficacy in blood lipids,antithrombotic cardiovascular diseases,cancer and diabetes.Further research is necessary to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of action.This review of GLA sources,enrichment methods,metabolic pathways and physiological efficacy in humans could provide theoretical support for GLA as a functional health food for the prevention of multiple chronic diseases.