北京地区外卖快餐中12种矿质元素含量分析及初步膳食营养评估

Analysis of 12 Mineral Elements in Takeaway Fast Food in Beijing and Preliminary Dietary Nutritional Assessment

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法,对北京地区畅销的粥食面点、特色小吃、中式快餐、西式快餐4类外卖快餐100份样品中12种矿质元素的含量进行分析,并以该元素的日推荐摄入量和可耐受摄入量作为评估标准,对不同年龄人群进行初步膳食营养评估。结果表明:样品中矿质元素含量范围较宽,离散程度较大。全人群在各类外卖样品中,Na、I和Cr的摄入量能够满足日常膳食需要,而Ca、Mg和Fe的摄入量不足,K、Zn、Cu、Mn、Mo和Se的摄入不足表现在部分人群部分样品中。12种元素的摄入量在4类外卖之间存在不同程度的差异性,粥食面点中各元素摄入量均较低,K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Se和Cr的摄入量与其他3类表现出显著性差异。另外,外卖快餐中还存在摄入超标情况,不同年龄段Zn和I超标率分别为1.1%~5.3%和3.6%~14.3%。结果表明:长期外卖就餐人群应注意调整膳食结构,均衡摄入含肉类、蔬菜类、豆类和蛋奶类的外卖食物,适当补充各类摄入量不足的矿质元素,同时要关注外卖快餐带来“过度营养”的健康隐患,低龄未成年为重点关注人群。

In this paper,the contents of 12 mineral elements in 100 samples of four types of takeaway fast food,including porridge and noodles,special snacks,Chinese fast food and Western fast food,sold in Beijing were analyzed by ICP-MS,and the RNI and UL values of the elements were used as the assessment criteria for preliminary dietary nutritional assessment of different age groups.The results showed that the range of mineral element contents in the samples was wide and the degree of dispersion was large.The intakes of Na,I and Cr could meet the daily dietary needs of the whole population in all types of takeaway samples,while the intakes of Ca,Mg and Fe were insufficient.The insufficient intakes of K,Zn,Cu,Mn,Mo and Se were found in some of the samples of some populations.The intakes of the 12 elements showed different degrees of variability among the four types of takeaways,with lower intakes of each element in congee and noodle dishes,and K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Se and Cr showed significant differences from the other three types.The intake of each element was lower in congee and noodles,which showed significant differences with the other three categories.In addition,the intake of take-away fast food was found to be excessive,with Zn and I exceeding 1.1%~5.3%and 3.6%~14.3%,respectively,in different age groups.The results showed that the long-term take-away population should pay attention to adjusting their dietary structure,balancing the intake of take-away food containing meat,vegetables,legumes,eggs and milk,and appropriately replenishing various types of minerals with insufficient intake.At the same time the health risks of“over-nutrition”brought about by fast food takeaways should be paid attention,and the young minors were the key concern groups.