宋代诗话对刘勰“风骨”论的文学接受

Literary Acceptance of Liu Xie's"Strength of Character"Theory in Song Dynasty Poetic Discourse

刘勰在《文心雕龙》中提出的“风骨”之说在宋代诗话中发生了多样化的改变:北宋中期欧阳修等人倡导的“尚健”诗风着重宣扬“风骨”中雄健阔大的一面;江西诗派更关注诗人的性情和品格如何通过语言呈现在诗歌之中,对语言“生新瘦硬”的追求使得他们更看重“风骨”之“骨”对言辞的要求,并在宋代理学家“气本论”的影响之下,变“风骨”为“气骨”;南宋后期的诗论代表严羽虽对江西诗派的观点有所纠正,但又将“风骨”论从美学要求变成了对建安文学风格的概括,当前学术界评价建安文学最常用的“建安风骨”便源于此。

The"Strength of Character"proposed by Liu Xie in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons underwent diversified changes in the poetic discourse of Song Dynasty:the poetry style of"Shangjian"advocated by Ouyang Xiu likewise in the middle of Northern Song Dynasty emphasized its vigorous and extensive side;the Jiangxi Poetry School paid more attention to how the poet's temperament and character are presented in poetry through language,the pursuit of language"New and Thin"made them focus on the requirements of its"Strength"on the words,and additionally the"Strength of Character"had changed into"Qi Character"under the influence of the"Qi⁃oriented Theory"of neo⁃Confucianism in Song Dynasty;Yan Yu,a representative of poetry theory in late Southern Song Dynasty,corrected the view of Jiangxi Poetry School,but turned the theory of"Strength of Character"from an aesthetic requirement to a generalization to the style of Jian'an Literature,from which the most commonly used"Jian'an Strength of Character"in current academic evaluation on it has originated.