黄磷渣复合基质栽培番茄配方的优化

Optimization of Tomato Cultivation Formula with Yellow Phosphorus Residue Composite Substrate

为促进黄磷渣废弃物资源的循环利用和节约椰糠基质成本,试验以番茄为材料,通过4因素(粗状磷渣、细状黄磷渣、椰糠、磷石膏)3水平设计L9(34)正交试验,探究不同体积配比组成的复合基质对番茄生长情况的影响,并建立番茄成熟期总生物量(根系+植株+果实)与4因素的多元回归数学模型,筛选出以黄磷渣为主要复合基质种植番茄的最佳配方。结果表明,4种因素的各水平对番茄的总生物量(根系+植株+果实)均有一定显著影响,影响的大小顺序为椰糠>磷石膏>粗状黄磷渣>细状黄磷渣,方差分析和极差分析显示试验误差小、结果具有可靠性;多元回归分析结果显示,最优的基质组合配方是粗状黄磷渣、细状黄磷渣、椰糠和磷石膏的体积占比分别为0.43∶0.27∶0.14∶0.16,在此条件下,番茄总生物量预测值可达到每株1 420 g。黄磷渣基质取材方便、成本低,与椰糠和磷石膏以适宜的比例栽培番茄,可在无土基质栽培中进行推广应用,同时有效解决黄磷渣生态环境风险高的问题。

In order to promote the recycling of yellow phosphorus residue waste resources,and save the cost of coconut bran substrate,In this experiment,tomato was used as the test material,through four factor(coarse yellow phosphorus residue,fine yellow phosphorus residue,coconut bran,phosphogypsum) and three level design L9(34) orthogonal experiment,the effect of composite substrates composed of different volume proportions on tomato growth was explored,and a multiple regression mathematical model of total biomass(root+plant+fruit) and four factors during tomato seedling pulling period was established,and the best formula for planting tomato with yellow phosphorus slag as the main composite substrate was screened out.The results showed that each level of the four factors had a significant impact on the total biomass of tomato(root+plant+fruit),and the order of the impact was coconut bran>phosphogypsum>coarse yellow phosphorus residue>fine yellow phosphorus residue.Variance analysis and range analysis showed that the test error was small and the results were reliable.The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the optimal substrate combination formula was coarse yellow phosphorus residue,fine yellow phosphorus residue,coconut bran,and phosphogypsum,with the volume ratios of 0.43,0.27,0.14,and 0.16 respectively.Under this condition,the total biomass of tomato could reach 1 420 g per plant.The yellow phosphorus residue substrate is convenient to obtain and low in cost.Cultivation of tomato with the combination of yellow phosphorus residue,coconut bran,and phosphogypsum in a suitable proportion can be popularized and applied in soilless substrate cultivation,and effectively solve the problem of high ecological environment risk of yellow phosphorus residue.