皖产桐桔梗祛痰、平喘、止咳、抗炎有效部位筛选

Screening for Phlegm-dispelling,Asthma-relieving,Cough-relieving,and Anti-inflammatory Fractions of Tongcheng Platycodonis Radix from Anhui Province

目的:揭示皖产桐桔梗发挥祛痰、平喘、止咳、抗炎活性的有效部位。方法:采用回流提取法和大孔吸附树脂技术制备桐桔梗不同提取分离部位;采用小鼠酚红祛痰模型筛选桐桔梗祛痰有效部位;采用磷酸组胺联合氯化乙酰胆碱致小鼠哮喘模型筛选桐桔梗平喘有效部位;采用浓氨水喷雾致小鼠咳嗽模型筛选桐桔梗止咳有效部位;采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀炎性反应模型筛选桐桔梗抗炎有效部位。结果:桐桔梗乙醇提取物、20%乙醇洗脱部位、70%乙醇洗脱部位均显示出不同程度的祛痰、平喘、止咳、抗炎作用,其中桐桔梗70%乙醇洗脱部位的活性最强,且呈量效关系。桐桔梗70%乙醇洗脱部位可显著增加小鼠气管酚红排泄量(P<0.001),显著延长磷酸组胺联合氯化乙酰胆碱致哮喘小鼠的引喘潜伏期并减少小鼠抽搐跌倒只数(P<0.001),明显延长浓氨水引咳小鼠的咳嗽潜伏期(P<0.001)并改善其肺部组织损伤,显著降低浓氨水引咳小鼠的咳嗽次数及其血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6的水平(P<0.001),显著降低二甲苯致耳廓肿胀小鼠的耳廓肿胀度及其血清中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的水平(P<0.01,P<0.001)。结论:70%乙醇洗脱部位是桐桔梗发挥祛痰、平喘、止咳、抗炎作用的主要活性部位,为阐明桐桔梗药效物质基础及作用机制提供数据支撑。

Objective:To reveal the phlegm-dispelling,asthma-relieving,cough-relieving,and anti-inflammatory fractions of Platycodonis Radix from Tongcheng city(TPR).Methods:Reflux extraction and macroporous resins were employed to separate different fractions of TPR.The phenol red excretion test of mice was carried out to select the effective fractions of TPR for dispelling phlegm.The mouse model of asthma was induced by histamine phosphate and acetylcholine chloride to select the effective fractions of TPR for relieving asthma.The mouse model of cough was induced by concentrated ammonia solution and used to select the effective fractions of TPR for relieving cough.The mouse model of xylene-induced ear edema was established to select the anti-inflammatory fractions of TPR.Results:The ethanol extract,20%ethanol fraction,and 70%ethanol fraction of TPR all possessed the effects of dispelling phlegm,relieving asthma and cough,and anti-inflammation.Especially,the 70%ethanol fraction showed the strongest effects and exerted the effects in a dose-dependent manner.The 70%ethanol fraction increased the excretion of phenol red in the mouse trachea(P<0.001),prolonged the incubation period of asthma and reduced the mouse number of convulsions and falls induced by histamine phosphate and acetylcholine chloride(P<0.001),and prolonged the incubation period of cough(P<0.001)and mitigated the pathological injuries of the lung tissue that were induced by concentrated ammonia solution.Furthermore,the 70%ethanol fraction reduced the cough frequency and lowered the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-6 in the serum of mice exposed to concentrated ammonia solution(P<0.001).In addition,the 70%ethanol fraction of TPR reduced the ear edema and lowered the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 in the serum of mice exposed to xylene(P<0.01,P<0.001).Conclusion:The 70%ethanol elution was the main effective fraction of TPR to dispel phlegm,relieve asthma and cough,and inhibit inflammation.This study provides data support for clarifying the pharmacological basis and mechanism of TPR.