重量法测定总悬浮颗粒物的方法验证与对比研究

Validation and Comparative Study of the Weight Method for Determining Total Suspended Particulate Matter

总悬浮颗粒物是大气污染的一个重要指标,对于空气中总悬浮颗粒物的测定一直使用的是《环境空气总悬浮颗粒物的测定重量法》(GB/T 15432-1995)[1]。2023年1月15日起实施新标准《环境空气总悬浮颗粒物的测定重量法》(HJ 1263-2022)[2]替代旧标准。本文通过对新旧标准进行对比以及对新标准的适应性进行验证,以更准确地测定空气中总悬浮颗粒物的浓度。与旧标准相比,新标准虽然原理与样品分析步骤基本一致,但增加了规范性引用的文件、总悬浮颗粒物的术语和定义、采样与分析过程中的质量控制;细化了分解样品、分析步骤、结果与计算几个过程,也增加了样品保存的规定;新标准修改了关于方法检出限的规定,明确了检出限的测定条件,对于天平精度的要求也更加严格。

Total suspended particulate matter(TSP)is an important indicator of air pollution.The determination of TSP in the air has[1]always been carried out using the“Environmental Air Total Suspended Particle Determination Gravimetric Method”(GB/T 15432-1995)Starting from January 15,2023,a new standard“Environmental Air Total Suspended Particle Determination Gravimetric Method”(HJ[2]1263-2022)will be implemented to replace the old standard,this article aims to more accurately determine the concentration of total suspended particulate matter in the air by comparing new and old standards and verifying their adaptability.Compared with the old standard,although the principle and sample analysis steps of the new standard are basically the same,it also adds normative references,terms and definitions of total suspended particulate matter,and quality control during the sampling and analysis process;Refined the process of sample decomposition,analysis steps,results and calculations,and added regulations for sample preservation;The new standard has revised the provisions on the detection limit of methods,clarified the conditions for measuring the detection limit,and also tightened the requirements for balance accuracy.