文化公平与现代性:新奥尔良非裔文化影像争议的人类学透视

Culture Equity and Modernity:Anthropological Perspective of the African⁃American Cultural Image Controversy in New Orleans

20世纪晚期以来,特殊文化在进入公共领域的过程中普遍面临发展与公平的双重追求,以及由此产生的复杂张力:特殊文化群体在开放自身边界以获得更好发展条件的同时,也与现代规则发生着重构和冲突。在族群问题复杂、司法与市场体系发达的社会如美国,这种双重追求与张力呈现出复杂的面向。本文通过分析非裔文化影像争议在美国社会、政治与司法领域内的不同展开,透视在文化与现代性议题上,美国社会的争议解决机制、条件与限制。新奥尔良非裔文化影像的争议历程表明,在一个成员身份日益复杂,文化共同体边界不断面临重构的社会中,“法律”“道德”“合约”“行政规制”都无法单独构成解决社会失范的最终出路,而是需要依凭不同主体间的协商共识来建立具有普遍约束力、包容性和激励性的社会规范。

Since the late 20th century,special cultures have encountered a dual pursuit of development and equity in the process of entering the public domain as well as intricate tensions generated accordingly.As special cultural groups strive to expand their boundaries to obtain better development conditions,they also reconstruct and conflict with modern rules.In a society with complex ethnic issues and developed judicial and market system,such as the United States,this dual pursuit and tension presents a complex orientation.By analyzing the different development of African-American cultural image disputes in American society,politics and judicial fields,this paper explores the dispute resolution mechanism,conditions and restrictions of American society on the issues of culture and modernity.New Orleans African culture image controversy shows that in a society with membership being increasingly complex,cultural community boundary facing reconstruction,no single aspect from“law”“morality”“contract”,and“administrative regulation”can constitute the final way to solve social anomie,the final way out is instead,to establish universally binding,inclusive and motivating social norms based on the consensus among different subjects.