非遗:一笔亟需保护的中华民族文化基因

Intangible Cultural Heritage:Chinese Cultural Gene in Urgent Need of Protection

非物质文化遗产的一个重要特征是广泛的代表性。这意味着它所代表的不是某个个体的想法或审美,而是整个民族乃至整个国家全体国民恒久不变的共同想法与共同审美,因而也就具有了这个民族文化基因的特殊属性。与人体的基因相似,作为中华“文化基因”的非物质文化遗产,也具有超强的“稳定性”和“遗传性”,一个民族最值得传递给后人的精神财富与民间智慧,主要集中在这里。从保护民族文化基因的角度看,不加任何改变的原汁原味的传承才是最好的传承。“活态传承”不应成为对非遗这一优秀民族文化基因施以改造并使之成为“转基因”的理由。当前的一项重要任务,就是从理念和制度上,确保非遗所传基因的“纯正性”和基因传承的“稳定性”。避免外来“文化基因”的入侵和“转基因”情况的发生,将是我国非物质文化遗产保护工作的永恒话题。

An important feature of the intangible cultural heritage is its widespread representation.This means that what it represents is not the idea or aesthetic taste of any individual person,but the constant common idea and common aesthetic value of the whole ethnic group and even all the people of the country,thus it boasts the special attribute of the cultural gene of this ethnic group.Comparable to the biological“gene”,the intangible cultural heritage,as the Chinese“cultural gene”,also enjoys super“stability”and“heredity”,which indeed concentrates the spiritual wealth and folk wisdom that a nation most deserve to pass on to future generations.From the perspective of preserving the cultural genome of a nation,unaltered and authentic inheritance is the best form of preservation.“Living inheritance”should not be the reason for transforming the intangible cultural heritage as an excellent ethnic cultural gene,neither should t be the reason for making it“genetically modified”.At present,an important task is to ensure the“purity”of the genes transmitted by the intangible cultural heritage and the“stability”of the gene inheritance from the concept and system.To avoid the invasion of foreign“genes”and the occurrence of“genetic modification”would be an eternal theme for the protection of intangible cultural heritage in China.