唐代西南区域史地著述研究——以唐诏政治关系变动为中心

Research on the Historical Geography Writings of the Southwest Region in the Tang Dynasty:Focusing on the Changes in Political Relations in Between the Tang and Nanzhao

唐时期,吐蕃势力扩张与南诏政权建立,中央王朝与西南边疆地区的联系变得频繁,因此产生了较多有关西南区域的史地著述。本文以唐代西南区域史地著述为研究对象,分析著述产生的时代背景、著述内容及著述特征,发现随着唐诏政治关系变动,著述数量逐渐增多,由唐前期的3部增至唐后期的12部;著述在空间上呈现出圈层结构特征,且形成三个区域撰述中心;著述多为内地前来西南地区具有较高史学素养的精英人士编撰;著述内容从单一记载西南部落社会转向多元记载南诏政治制度、军事组织、城镇交通等内容,反映出时人对南诏的认识也在不断深化。唐代西南区域史地著述实质是中原与西南边疆互动交流下的产物,是对南诏政权的认识和书写,实际上体现了中原王朝对南诏政权整体性、典型性的历史认识。对西南区域史地著述的分析,有利于探究中央王朝与西南边疆民族政权的政治互动关系,更深入地认识中原地区与西南民族的交往交流交融史实。

During the Tang Dynasty,along with the expansion of Tubo’s power and the establishment of the Nanzhao regime,connections between the central dynasty and the southwestern frontier regions became more frequent,resulting in the coming⁃out of numerous historical geography writings related to the southwestern region.Taking the historical and geographical writings in the southwest region of the Tang Dynasty as the research object,this study analyzes the background,content and regional characteristics of these writings,and finds that with the changes in the political relations between Tang and Nanzhao,the number of writings gradually increased,from three in the early and middle Tang Dynasty up to 12 in the late Tang Dynasty.The writings exhibit a circular structure in space and form three regional writing centers.The writings are mostly compiled by elites from hinterland areas who have come to the southwest region and possess high historical literacy.The content of writings shifted from a single account of tribal society to a diversified accounts of the political system,military organizations,township transportation of Nanzhao.All these reflected the constant deepening of people’s understanding towards Nanzhao.The historical and geographical writings of the southwest region of the Tang Dynasty are essentially the products of the interaction between the Central Plains and the southwestern frontier,and the content of the writings reflects the understanding and writing of the Nanzhao regime,and indeed reflects the historical understanding of the Central Plains dynasty on the integrity and typicality of the Nanzhao regime.The analysis of historical and geographical writings on the southwestern region is beneficial to explore the political interaction between the central dynasty and the ethnic regimes in the southwestern border areas,which is conducive for us to reveal the communication,exchange,and integration between the Central Plains region and the southwestern ethnic groups.