海洋空间的“领土化”构建与实践 ——以美国在南海地区的干涉行动为例

The Construction and Practice of the Territorialization of Ocean Space: a Case Study of the U.S. Intervention Activities in the South China Sea

随着海洋与人类的联系越来越密切,控制人类海上活动的必要性,令海洋空间的“领土化”成为难以避免的趋势。主流话语开始从将海洋描述为无主之地,变成倾向于为扩大公共权力对海域控制的做法辩护,为海上力量投送和海域管控编织正当理由。由此,产生了一定的海洋空间“领土化”,国家从规范功能的角度逐渐控制海洋空间,将公共权力投射至领海和管辖水域外的海域。塑造符合自身利益需求的地区规范秩序,并在实践上强化地区军事力量投送,这两种海洋空间“领土化”扩张方式,鲜明地体现在美国在南海地区的干涉行动中。中国需在南海促进建设更有效的海洋治理体系,扩大行为规范塑造和海洋新秩序建设上的话语权,更好地维护国家海洋安全和发展利益。

As the connection between the ocean and human beings becomes closer, the need to control human maritime activities has made the practice of “territorialization” of the ocean space an unavoidable trend. The mainstream discourse is shifting from describing the ocean as terra incognita to defending the expansion of public power over maritime areas, and justifying the projection of maritime power and the control of maritime areas. The result of this discourse is a certain degree of “territorialization” of the ocean space, with states gradually controlling ocean space from the perspective of normative functions and projecting public power onto waters beyond territorial waters and jurisdictional waters. By shaping a regional normative order that meets its own interests and in practice strengthening regional military power projection, these two methods of “territorialization” expansion of maritime space outside territorial waters and jurisdictional waters are very clearly reflected in the US intervention activities in the South China Sea. China needs to promote the construction of a more effective ocean governance system, amplifying the discourse of norm shaping and new maritime order construction, for better defending national maritime interests and development interests.