实践智慧的三种类型与中国式实践智慧的优越性

Three Forms of Practical Wisdom and the Superiority of Chinese Practical Wisdom

实践智慧的本质乃是处理价值理想与现实行动之关系的方式。根据价值理想被设定为超验或现实世界之存在及其与现实生活的关联方式,可将实践智慧分为三种基本类型:古希腊的超验与经验的空间性二元论关联方式、基督教的超验与经验的历时性关联方式、中国儒家的现实世界之中价值理想与现实生活的有差别的统一性关联方式。前两种基于超验与经验的二元论关联方式易于偏向极端,难以达致实践智慧所追求的中庸之道,而中国儒家的现实世界之中的关联方式则更易达于中庸之道,因而对于现实实践而言也就具有更大的优越性。

The essence of practical wisdom is encapsulated in the approach to managing the relationship between value ideals and actual actions.Depending on whether the value ideal is perceived as transcendental or as existing in the real world,and its relationship with real life,practical wisdom can be classified into three fundamental forms:the Greek dualistic correlation of transcendence and empirical spatiality,the Christian dualistic correlation of transcendence and empirical temporality,and the Chinese Confucian differentiated united correlation between value ideals in the real world and real life.The first two forms,grounded in the dualistic correlation of transcendence and empiricism,tend to gravitate toward extremes and struggle to attain the Golden Mean that practical wisdom strives for.Conversely,the Chinese Confucian correlation that exists within the real world is more likely to achieve the Golden Mean,thereby demonstrating greater superiority for realistic practice.