国际政治话语中的叙事隐喻:情感框定与认知建构

Narrative Metaphor in International Political Discourse:Emotional Framing and Cognitive Construction

作为叙事话语武器,政治“隐喻”将源域的意义映射到目标域。在抽象复杂的政治领域,政治隐喻可以干预受众的思维与认知,吸引观众注意力。隐喻有四种政治功能,即简化认知方式、意义填充、选择性框定与促进安全化进程。当面对复杂的世界时,隐喻可以作为认知过滤器,产生信息简化效果。隐喻是一把“双刃剑”,其虽然可能产生预期的修辞效果,但也可能诱导使用隐喻的修辞者自我约束。在竞争性话语环境中,国际政治的抽象术语和逻辑也经常通过隐喻来表达。在无政府状态下,外交叙事的修辞强制与隐喻表达提供了一种约束机制,对外交行动产生合法性压力与道义限制。在外交实践中,隐喻话语不仅是展示意图与塑造信念的重要方式,也是促进或限制政治合法性的关键手段。

As a narrative discourse weapon,political metaphor maps the meaning of the source domain to the target domain.In the abstract and complex political field,political metaphors can interfere with the audience's thinking and cognition and attract the audience's attention.Metaphor has four political functions,namely,simplifying cognitive methods,filling in meaning,selectively framing reasoning,and promoting the securitization process.When faced with a complex world,metaphors can serve as cognitive filters,producing information simplification mechanisms.Of course,metaphor is a"double-edged sword".Although it may produce the desired rhetorical effect,it may also induce self-restraint on the part of the rhetorician who uses metaphor.In competitive discourse environments,the abstract terms and logic of international politics are also often expressed through metaphors.In an anarchic state,the rhetorical coercion and metaphorical expression of diplomatic narratives provide a constraint mechanism,generating legitimacy pressure and moral restrictions on diplomatic actions.In diplomatic practice,metaphorical discourse is not only an important way to demonstrate intentions and shape beliefs,but also a key means to promote or limit political legitimacy.