学习策略:系统综合与概念模型(上)

Learning Strategies:System Synthesis and Conceptual Modeling(PartⅠ)

本文旨在构建一种学习模型,说明不同学习策略在学习周期不同阶段的强大作用。该模型描述了3个输入和输出因素(技能、意愿和动机)、成功标准和学习的3个阶段(表层学习、深度学习和迁移),及表层学习和深度学习过程中各自的获取阶段和巩固阶段。228个元分析的综合结果呈现出最有效的学习策略。分析结果表明:存在一个有效的子策略,但这种有效性取决于实施这些策略时所处的学习阶段。此外,最好不要单独开展学习策略培训,而是将各种策略嵌入学科内容,明晰发展表层学习和深度学习,促进相关的最佳策略,并传授学习迁移的技能。最后,本文针对模型有待进一步研究的问题进行了讨论。

The aim of this paper is to construct a learning model that illustrates the powerful role of different learning strategies at different stages of the learning cycle.The model describes three input and output factors(skill,willingness,and motivation),success criteria,and three stages of learning(surface,deep,and transfer learning)as well as the respective acquisition and consolidation stages during surface and deep learning.The combined results of the 228 meta-analysis present the most effective learning strategies.The results indicate the existence of an effective sub-strategy,but its effectiveness depends on the learning stage at which these strategies are implemented.In addition,it would be better not to conduct separate training on learning strategies,but to embed the various strategies in subject content,explicitly develop surface and deep learning,promote relevant optimal strategies and teach skills for learning transfer.Finally,the paper discusses issues for further research on the model.