政治学知识体系的自主生成路径——基于中美比较的视角

The Generative Paths of A utonomous Knowledge System of Politics——Based on Sino-US Comparison

知识体系生成的“自主性”包含身份自觉的“主体性”、目标明确的“能动性”和交往沟通的“关系性”三重含义。由此出发,思考中国政治学知识体系构建的自主性可以从研究议程、学术取向和话语建构三个维度展开。现代政治学在各国的发展都面对着本土化/一般化、互动性/独立性、特殊主义/普遍主义的选择。以中美两国政治学的百年发展历程为研究对象,可以在互为镜像中更清晰地认识中国政治学知识体系的生成路径以及面临的问题挑战。中美两国政治学都曾通过本土化实现研究议程的自主性、在与现实政治积极互动中自主确定研究取向、借助特殊主义探索话语建构的自主性。中国政治学发展路径的主要特征是内向化的。随着中国式现代化对世界现代化贡献的展开,中国政治学在知识体系建构中,也应该“坚持胸怀天下”,强化外向性,提高知识体系建构的开放性、包容性,揭示中国丰富而悠久的政治实践和政治智慧背后的一般逻辑。

The“autonomy”of knowledge system includes the triple meanings of“subjectivity”of identity consciousness,“initiative”of goal clarity and“relationship”of communication.From these three meanings,the autonomy of politics knowledge system is divided into three dimensions:research agenda,academic orientation and discourse construction.Based on these three dimensions,the development of modern politics in different countries has chosen different paths such as localization/generalization,interactivity/independence and particularism/Universalism.Taking the one-hundred process of politics in China and the United States as the object of study,we can clearly understand the generative paths of knowledge system of Chinese politics as well as the problems it faces.Both Chinese and American politics have realized the autonomy of research agenda through localization,and established the autonomy of academic orientation through active interaction with realpolitik,exploring the autonomy of discourse construction through particularism.The development path of Chinese politics is mainly inward-looking,but it should also maintain a global vision and reinforce extroversion,increasing the openness and inclusiveness of the construction of knowledge systems and revealing the general logic behind China's rich and long-standing political practices and wisdom.