数字经济影响农村内部收入差距的机制研究——基于数字红利和数字鸿沟的分析

Research on the Mechanism of Digital Economy Affecting Intra-rural Income Gap——Analyses Based on the Digital Dividend and the Digital Divide

基于2015—2019年中国家庭金融调查数据,本文从数字红利和数字鸿沟角度研究数字经济对农村内部收入差距的影响。研究发现:数字红利有助于缩小收入差距,数字鸿沟则显著扩大收入差距,数字经济总体上扩大了农村内部收入差距;异质性分析表明,数字红利缩小收入差距的作用在低财富农村、老年人抚养比高的农村和西部地区农村更为显著,数字鸿沟扩大收入差距的作用在中高财富农村、老年人抚养比低的农村和东部地区农村更为显著;机制分析表明数字经济会促进农村非农就业和提高居民金融素养从而缩小收入差距,也会通过影响农业生产的机制扩大收入差距。本文结论表明,促进农村农民共同富裕既要稳妥释放数字红利,也要防范数字鸿沟带来的收入失衡问题。

Based on the China Household Finance Survey(CHFS)data from 2015 to 2019,this paper investigates the impact of the digital economy on the intra-rural income gap from the perspective of the digital dividend and the digital divide.The study finds that the digital dividend helps to narrow the income gap,while the digital divide significantly widens the income gap,and the digital economy overall widens the internal income gap in rural areas.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the role of the digital dividend in narrowing the income gap is more significant in low-wealth rural areas,rural areas with a high old-age dependency ratio and rural areas in the western region,and the role of the digital divide in widening the income gap is more significant in middle-and high-wealth rural areas,rural areas with a low old-age dependency ratio and rural areas in the eastern region.The mechanism analysis shows that the impact of the digital economy on the internal income gap is more significant in rural areas.The mechanism analysis shows that the digital economy will promote rural non-agricultural employment and improve the financial literacy of the population,thus reducing the income gap,and will also widen the income gap through the mechanism of influencing agricultural production.The conclusions of this paper suggest that the promotion of common prosperity for farmers and rural areas should not only release the digital dividend in a prudent manner,but also prevent the income imbalance caused by the digital divide.