“造化”与“创作”:中西艺术的深层观念比较

"The Art of Nature"and"Creation":A Comparison of the Profound Concepts of Chinese and Western Art

在艺术活动中推崇“创作”是晚近才出现的现代观念。在西方,艺术作品被视为创作的成果,艺术观念的演变深受科学革命的影响,又因现代文化的内在矛盾而产生了“创新”的焦虑。中国古代艺术传统不标榜无中生有的“原创”,而将“造化”视作艺术的源头和范本,士人在艺术的“旧”与“新”、“常”与“变”、“师”与“我”的平衡中追求“道”。这种传统在现代化变革中遭遇到基础性的危机,对其重新认识和发扬则有助于突破艺术创作的当代困境。

Praising"creation"in artistic activities is a modern concept that has emerged only recently.In the West,the work of art is regarded as the result of creation,and the evolution of artistic concepts is deeply influenced by the scientific revolution.The anxiety of"innovation"arises in Western artworks due to the inherent contradictions of modern culture.The ancient Chinese art tradition did not flaunt the"originality,"but regarded zaohua,the art of nature,as the source and model of art,and scholars pursued the"Dao"in the balance between"old"and"new,""con-stant"and"change,"and"teacher"and"I"in art.