基于扫视路径速度的隧道入口驾驶舒适性分析

Analysis on Driving Comfort at Tunnel Entrance Based on Saccade Path Speed

为了更准确地评价公路隧道入口段驾驶员的视觉舒适性,以隧道入口段的驾驶员视觉特性为研究对象,在云南上鹤高速公路的野鸭塘1号、2号和3号隧道开展实车试验,采集驾驶员的注视与扫视时间、视点位置、瞳孔直径等眼动参数,并依次对20名驾驶员进行问卷调查。基于试验数据和问卷调查结果,提出扫视路径速度指标并验证其合理性。结果表明:扫视路径速度能够有效地对隧道入口段的驾驶视觉舒适性进行评价;当隧道照明条件相同时,新型蓄能反光发光材料能够使驾驶员的平均扫视路径速度降低50.62%,峰值扫视路径速度降低40.32%。通过对视觉舒适指标的关联性分析,进一步表明:扫视路径速度与驾驶员的视觉舒适性呈反比关系;随着隧道入口光环境质量的提高,驾驶员的扫视时间占比增加,进而扫视所用时间变长,扫视路径速度减慢,此时驾驶员的视觉舒适性较高有利于安全行驶,反之则不利于行车安全。

In order to more accurately evaluate the drivers visual comfort of the threshold zone of highway tunnel,the visual characteristics of drivers in the threshold zone of highway tunnel were taken as the research object.Real vehicle tests were carried out in No.1,No.2 and No.3 tunnels of Yeyatang Tunnel on Shanghe Expressway in Yunnan Province.The eye movement parameters of drivers such as fixation and saccade time,saccade location and pupil diameter were collected,and 20 drivers were investigated by questionnaire in turn.Based on the test data and questionnaire survey results,the saccade path speed index was proposed and verified to be reasonable.The test results show that the saccade path speed can effectively evaluate the driving visual comfort of the tunnel threshold zone.When the tunnel lighting conditions are the same,the new energy storage reflective luminous material can reduce the average saccade path speed of drivers by 50.62%and the maximum saccade path speed by 40.32%.Through the correlation analysis of the visual comfort index,it is further shown that the saccade path speed is inversely proportional to the drivers driving visual comfort.With the improvement of lighting environment quality in the tunnel threshold zone,the proportion of driver saccade time increases,the saccade time becomes longer,and the saccade path speed slows down.At this time,the drivers visual comfort is high,which is conducive to safe driving,otherwise it is not conducive to driving safety.