2017-2022年天津市北辰区法定传染病疫情监测分析

Analysis of epidemic monitoring of notifiable infectious diseases in Beichen district of Tianjin from 2017to 2022

目的了解2017-2022年天津市北辰区法定传染病的发病情况,分析防控措施对传染病流行的影响,为进一步做好传染病防控提供参考。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中下载天津市北辰区2017-01-01-2022-12-31法定传染病监测数据,包括法定传染病病种、病例数和发病率,其中,2017-2019年未采取甲类传染病防控措施,2020-2022年为新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎流行阶段,根据疫情防控形势采取限制出行、交通管控、暂停公共场所服务和健康教育宣传等一系列控制措施。采用χ^(2)检验比较不同人群发病率和构成比,χ^(2)趋势检验分析历年法定传染病总体发病趋势。结果2017-2022年天津市北辰区法定传染病平均发病率为426.10/10万,发病水平总体呈下降趋势,χ^(2)_(趋势)=2164.23,P<0.001;2020-2022年平均发病率为288.43/10万,与2017-2019年平均发病率579.36/10万相比,下降50.22%。其中甲乙类传染病中呼吸道传染病平均发病率下降了55.65%,肠道传染病平均发病率下降了50.43%,丙类传染病中呼吸道传染病平均发病率下降了67.03%,肠道传染病平均发病率下降了35.22%。从时间上看,2020-2022年各月发病率均低于2017-2019年,其中5~9月和12月发病率明显较高。从人群来看,男性发病率高于女性,男女之比为1.11∶1。2017-2019年和2020-2022年均以0~、1~和3~岁年龄组发病率较高,但2020-2022年发病率明显降低。从地区来看,2020-2022年和2017-2019年发病率排名前5位的均为双街镇、北仓镇、宜兴埠镇、果园新村街和瑞景街人员相对密集的镇街,且2020-2022年平均发病率较2017-2019年分别降低了56.75%、57.53%、20.81%、46.03%和58.22%。结论2020-2022年所采取的防控措施在有效防控新型冠状病毒感染的同时,对其他法定传染病的防控也产生了不同程度的影响,尤其对呼吸道传染病、肠道传染病的控制效果更为明显,充分证明适当形势下的戴口罩、常通风、勤洗手、少聚集等控制措施的采取对于控制传染病的传播具有重要作用。

Objective To understand the incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in Beichen District,Tianjin from 2017 to 2022,analyze the impact of prevention and control measures on the epidemic of infectious diseases,and provide reference for further prevention and control of infectious diseases.Methods The surveillance data of notifiable infectious diseases in Beichen district from January 1,2017 to December 31,2022 were downloaded from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System,including the disease type,number of cases and incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases.Among them,no measures were taken to prevent and control Class A infectious diseases in 2017-2019,and novel coronavirus infected pneumonia was in the epidemic stage in 2020-2022.According to the situation of epidemic prevention and control,a series of control measures were taken,including travel restrictions and control suspending public place services and promoting health education.Chi-square test was used to compare the incidence rate and constituent ratio of different populations.Chi-square trend test was used to analyze the overall incidence trend of notifiable infectious diseases over the years.Results The average incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases in Beichen district of Tianjin was 426.10/10^(5)in 2017-2022,and the overall incidence level showed a downward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=2164.23,P<0.001).The average incidence rate in 2020-2022 was 288.43/10^(5),which was 50.22%lower than the average incidence rate of 579.36/10^(5)in 2017-2019.The average incidence rate of respiratory infectious diseases in Class A and B infectious diseases decreased 55.65%,the average incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases decreased by 50.43%,the average incidence rate of respiratory infectious diseases among Class C infectious diseases decreased by 67.03%,and the average incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases decreased by 35.22%.In terms of time,the incidence rate of each month from 2020to 2022was lower than that from 2017to 2019,and the incidence rate from May to September and December was significantly higher.From the perspective of population,the incidence rate of men was higher than that of women,and the ratio of men to women was 1.11∶1.In 2017-2019and 2020-2022,the incidence rate at the age of 0-,1-and3-years was higher,but the incidence rate would be significantly reduced in 2020-2022.From the regional perspective,the regions at the top five incidence rate in 2020-2022and 2017-2019were Shuangjie town,Beicang town,Yixingbu town,Guoyuan Xincun street and Ruijing street,which were relatively densely populated,and the average incidence rate in 2020-2022was 56.75%,57.53%,20.81%,46.03%and 58.22%lower than that in 2017-2019.Conclusions The prevention and control measures taken from 2020to 2022not only effectively prevent and control the infection of novel coronavirus,but also have an impact on the prevention and control of other notifiable infectious diseases to varying degrees;in particularly,the control effect of respiratory infectious diseases and intestinal infectious diseases is more obvious,which fully proves that the control measures taken under appropriate circumstances,such as wearing masks,regular ventilation,frequent hand washing,and less aggregation,play an important role in controlling the spread of infectious diseases.