中国农业产业型海外园区土地征用与利用模式研究

Land acquisition and land use model of China’s overseas agricultural industry parks

农业产业型海外园区是中国海外投资的创新方式,其土地利用是其发展的核心问题之一。A园区是通过商务部确认考核的国家级境外经贸合作区,其土地利用以及合作种植模式对其他海外园区以及“一带一路”高质量发展具有重要的参考价值。论文采用访谈、实地调研以及演化博弈方法,以A园区为例,对征地过程中园区和当地农户的行为动机进行博弈分析,探索农业产业型海外园区的最佳土地利用模式。研究发现:①种植园土地需求量大,投资成本高,回收周期长,投资的风险性和敏感性高;②A园区形成“一区多园、合作开发、全产业链构建”开发和发展模式;③双方的征地博弈和印尼政府针对种植园的特殊政策共同驱动使A园区最终形成80%自营地和20%联营地的合作种植土地利用模式;④印尼土地征用难度大,影响因素多,如私有土地制度、土地权属确定困难和西方“新殖民主义”舆论等因素。A园区在海外土地投资探索中形成的发展经验,对中国农业型园区在其他土地私有制国家进行土地征用和利用具有一定的参考价值。

Overseas agricultural industry parks are an innovative way of China's overseas investment,and land use is one of the core issues in its development.Agricultural industry park A is a national-level overseas industrial park that has passed the assessment of the Ministry of Commerce.Its land use and cooperative planting model have important reference value for other overseas parks and the high-quality development of the Belt and Road region.Using interviews,field research,and evolutionary game methods and taking agricultural industry park A as an example,this study conducted a game analysis on the behavioral motivations of park and local farmers in the process of land acquisition,and explored the optimal land use model of overseas agricultural industry parks.The research found that:1)Plantations have a large demand for land,high investment cost,long payback cycle,and high risk and sensitivity of investment.2)Park A has formed a development model of"multiple plantations in one park,cooperative development,and construction of the whole industrial chain".3)Land acquisition game between the park and the local farmers and the Indonesian government's special policies for plantations combined to form a cooperative planting land use model of 80%self-operated land and 20%jointly-operated land.4)Land acquisition in Indonesia is difficult and affected by many factors,such as private land ownership,difficulties in determining land ownership,and Western neo-colonialism public opinion.The development experience of park A in the exploration of overseas land investment has certain reference value for the land acquisition and use of Chinese agricultural industry parks in other countries with private ownership of land.