青藏高原荒野地适宜性评价与空间分布特征

Suitability evaluation and spatial distribution characteristics of wilderness area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

再野化是当前人类世和气候变化背景下生物多样性保育的重要手段,荒野地作为再野化的基础空间载体,其科学识别与保护对于提高生物多样性保护效率具有重要意义。论文以青藏高原为案例区,以2020年为研究时点,在解析荒野地概念和内涵的基础上,运用再野化适宜性评估、荒野地空间格局分析和形态学分析,从生态因子适宜性和生态系统自然度两个维度综合评价荒野地适宜性,识别荒野地适宜性等级,明确最适宜的荒野化空间。研究表明:①青藏高原的再野化适宜性指数范围为0.1310~0.9332,青藏高原荒野地的空间分布呈现明显的地域分异特征,总体上呈现从东南向西北逐渐下降的空间格局。②荒野地空间结构总体相对简单,形态学特征均呈现分散化和大型化特征。其中优选荒野地主要集中在东喜马拉雅南翼山地常绿阔叶林地带,而备选荒野地和潜在荒野地逐渐蔓延至川西藏东山地针叶林、青东祁连山地草原和青藏高原西北区域的昆仑北翼山地荒漠地带。③青藏高原荒野地的优化受到重要生态功能区、尤其是源区分布的影响。受其自然地理条件和人类活动影响,青藏高原荒野地目前集中分布在东部的东喜马拉雅南翼山地常绿阔叶林和川西藏东山地针叶林地带,而西部地区源区较少且规模较小。研究结果可为完善保护生物学理论、促进青藏高原优化生物多样性保护网络和提升生物多样性保护效率提供有益参考。

Rewilding is an important means of biodiversity conservation in the Anthropocene and under climate change.As the basic spatial carrier of rewilding,the scientific identification and protection of wilderness area is of great significance for improving the efficiency of biodiversity conservation.Taking the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a case area and using 2020 as the time point,this study analyzed the concept and connotation of wilderness,and comprehensively evaluated the suitability of rewilding from the two dimensions of ecological factor suitability and ecosystem naturalness by using the suitability assessment of rewilding,spatial pattern analysis of wilderness area,and morphological analysis.The results show that:1)The suitability index of rewilding on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ranged from 0.1310 to 0.9332,and the spatial distribution of wilderness areas on the plateau showed obvious regional differentiation,with a spatial pattern of gradually declining from southeast to northwest.2)The spatial structure of wilderness area was relatively simple,and the morphological characteristics were decentralized and large-scaled.The optimal wilderness area mainly concentrated in the evergreen broad-leaved forest belt of the southern wing of the eastern Himalaya,while the alternative and potential wilderness area gradually spread to the coniferous forest of the eastern mountains of Sichuan and Tibet,the grassland of the Qilian Mountains in eastern Qinghai,and the desert belt of the northern wing of the Kunlun Mountains in the northwest of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.3)The optimization of wilderness area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is affected by the distribution of important ecological functional zones,especially the source zones of large rivers.Influenced by its natural geographical conditions and human activities,the wilderness area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is currently concentrated in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of the southern wing of the eastern Himalaya and the coniferous forest of the eastern mountains of Sichuan and Tibet in the east,while few and small in the source zones of large rivers in the west.The study results can provide a useful reference for improving the theory of conservation biology,optimizing the biodiversity conservation network,and enhancing the efficiency of biodiversity conservation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.