钻铣减震用变刚度磁力减振器设计及制振分析

Design and Effect Analysis of Variable Stiffness Magnetic Shock Absorber for Drilling and Milling

采用半主动型减振器对钻铣加工过程进行制振控制具备可行性,充分克服了通过调节加工参数来减缓切削振动引起生产效率下降的情况。这里设计了一种动力减振器结构在分析原理的基础上,给出了系统的振动模型与运动方程。对钻铣加工中机床主轴进行了减振测试,最后利用数值仿真方法进行了减振性能评价。研究结果表明:相对于未加入动力减振器的情况下,加入动力减振器后,不同主轴转速对应的刀尖点稳态前振幅最大值也减小,进入稳定状态时的振幅最大减小,完成稳态转变时间也缩短。对比不同主轴转速下刀尖频域振结果,可以明显发现设置动力减振器后可以起到有效抑制振动的作用,当主轴达到800/min转速时,获得了最优抑制性能。该研究有助于提高钻铣设备的减震性能,提高机加工精度。

It is feasible to adopt semi-active shock absorber to control vibration in drilling and milling process,which can fully overcome the situation of reducing production efficiency caused by cutting vibration by adjusting machining parameters.A dy-namic shock absorber structure is designed.Based on the analysis of the principle,the vibration model and motion equation of the system are given.The damping performance of machine tool spindle in drilling and milling was evaluated by numerical simula-tion.The results show that compared with the case without the dynamic shock absorber,the maximum amplitude of the tool tip corresponding to different spindle speeds decreases before steady state,and when it enters the steady state,the time to complete steady state transition is also shortened after the dynamic shock absorber is added.By comparing the vibration results of tool tip in frequency domain at different spindle speeds,it is obvious that the dynamic shock absorber can effectively suppress vibration.When the spindle speed reaches 800/min,the optimal vibration suppression performance is obtained.The research is helpful to im-prove the damping performance and machining accuracy of drilling and milling equipment.