朱元昇《连山易》思想新探

New Research On Zhu Liansheng's Lianshan yi

朱元昇的《连山易》思想是“易统”视域下的易学新建构,而不是对早期易学事实的考索。朱氏将北宋易学家的“体用”范畴用于五行纳音说,创立“河图纳音例”,并运用此例区分三种情形,将先天八卦与九数河图匹配,从而确立伏羲河图八卦。朱氏将十数洛书与“帝出乎震”的八卦方位匹配,通过综合调配八卦五行属性、洛书之数五行属性以及生成之数确定伏羲洛书八卦。《连山易》六十四卦体系中的“长分消翕”说,是朱元昇《连山易》思想的精华所在,也是其创新之处。此说通过阐发阴阳相对之卦易数和卦象的变化,展示变化在相反的两面同时发生、变化中对立而又统一、变化沿顺逆两相反方向进行诸要义,揭示“至精、至变、至神”的“变化之道”。由此可以确定,《连山易》的“长分消翕”说,并不等同于一卦变为六十四卦的变卦说。

The Southern Song(1127-1279)scholar Zhu Yuansheng's studies of Lianshan yi(Linked Mountains)are a new construction of Yi studies from the perspective of"the lineage of Changes scholarship",rather than study of the early facts of Changes studies.He applied the ti(conceptual body)and yong(function)categories of the Northern Song Ying scholars to the theory of attaching the five elements to sounds,established the method of attaching Hetu(Yellow River Chart)with sounds,and used this method to distinguish three situations,matching the eight hexagrams of former heaven with the nine-number Hetu,thus establishing Fuxi's Hetu and eight hexagrams.Zhu matched the ten-number Luoshu(Luo River Diagram)with the eight trigram positions in the chapter of"the Thearch comes from the trigram Zhen[■]",and determined the eight trigrams of Fuxi's Luoshu by comprehensively adjusting the attributes of five elements and eight trigrams,the five element attributes of Luoshu,and the generated numbers.The theory of"Rise,Separate,Fall,Combine"in the 64 hexagrams system of Lianshan yi is the essence of Zhu Yuansheng's thought and also his innovation.This theory elucidates the changes in Yi numbers and hexagram images of hexagrams with opposite yin and yang,demonstrating the essential principles of simultaneous occurrence of changes on opposite sides,opposition and unity in changes,and changes occurring in opposite directions,revealing the"dao(way)of change"of"extreme essence,extreme change,and extreme divinity".From this,it can be determined that the"Rise,Separate,Fall,Combine"theory in the Lianshan yi is not equivalent to the hexagram change theory of transforming one hexagram into sixty-four hexagrams.