政策工具视角下我国智慧养老政策内容研究——基于中央层面政策文本的分析

Research on the Content of China's Smart Pension Policy from the Perspective of Policy Tools--Analysis Based on Central Level Policy Texts

随着大数据、云计算、人工智能等新兴技术的发展,智慧养老越来越成为我国应对人口老龄化、缓解养老矛盾的重要发展方向。政策工具是公共政策分析最基本的单位,政策主题则是政策文本的核心内容,通过构建“政策工具-政策主题”二维分析框架,运用政策计量法、内容分析法,对我国76份中央层面的智慧养老政策文本进行清洗、编码与分析,识别智慧养老政策工具的类型分布,结合LDA主题模型提取智慧养老政策主题。研究发现,在政策工具的应用上,我国智慧养老政策工具使用并不均衡,呈现“强供给”的特征。此外,研究还识别出智慧养老模式、智慧医养结合、智慧养老环境建设、智慧养老标准以及智慧养老试点共五类政策主题。基于此分析,提出改善我国智慧养老政策的建议:一是加强中央政府的顶层设计,完善智慧养老政策体系;二是合理布置政策工具,发挥最优政策合力;三是扩大智慧养老政策覆盖面,丰富智慧养老政策主题。

With the development of emerging technologies such as big data,cloud computing and artificial inte-Iligence,intelligent pension has increasingly become an important development direction in our country to deal with aging population and alleviate pension contradictions.Policy tool is the most basic unit of public policy analysis,and policy theme is the core content of policy text.By constructing a two-dimensional analysis framework of"policy tol-policy theme"and using policy measurement method and content analysis method,76 central level smart pension policy texts in China are cleaned,coded and analyzed,and the types of smart pension policy tools are identified.And combined with the LDA theme model to extract the theme of smart pension policy.The study found that in the application of policy tools,the use of smart pension policy tools in China is unbalanced,showing the characteristics of"strong supply";Five policy themes of smart pension model,smart combination of medical care,smart pension environment construction,smart pension standard and smart pension demonstration pilot were identified.On the basis of this,this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve our country's smart pension policy,First,strengthen the top-level design of the central government and improve the policy standards for smart pension;the second is to rationally arrange policy tools and give full play to the best policy synergy;the third is to expand the coverage of smart pension policy and enrich the theme of smart pension policy.