肠道菌群与1型糖尿病免疫机制的研究进展

Gut microbiota and immune mechanism of type 1 diabetes mellitus

1型糖尿病是一种T细胞介导的好发于青少年的自身免疫性疾病,以胰岛β细胞进行性破坏、胰岛素绝对缺乏、高血糖为主要特征。1型糖尿病的发病机制较为复杂,目前认为其主要与免疫、环境、遗传有关。越来越多的证据表明,肠道菌群与1型糖尿病的发生密切相关。本文从固有免疫和适应性免疫角度,重点探讨了肠道菌群及其衍生物在1型糖尿病发生发展中的相关免疫机制和作用,并介绍了以肠道菌群为靶点治疗1型糖尿病的方法。

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease that commonly affects adolescents,characterized by progressive destruction of pancreaticβ-cells,absolute insulin deficiency,and hyperglycemia.The pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is complex and is believed to be mainly associated with immunity,environment,and genetics.There is increasing evidence that gut microbiota is closely related to the occurrence of type 1 diabetes mellitus.This article focuses on the immune mechanisms and roles of gut microbiota and its derivatives in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus from the perspectives of innate and adaptive immunity.Additionally,it introduces therapeutic approaches targeting gut microbiota for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.