产权视角下宅基地盘活与农户非农创业

Homestead Revitalization and Famers'Non-agricultural Entrepreneurship from the Perspective of Property Rights

深入探索宅基地产权制度改革,盘活闲置宅基地资源,提高农户土地财产性收益,拓宽农户增收渠道,鼓励农户非农创业,发展乡村新业态是乡村振兴的重要途径。本文从产权视角出发,基于浙江大学中国农村家庭调查(CRHPS)2017年数据,运用Probit模型实证研究宅基地盘活对农户非农创业的影响,并探究社会资本在宅基地盘活与农户非农创业之间的调节效应。结果表明,宅基地盘活对于农户非农创业具有显著的促进作用;异质性检验表明,不同地区宅基地盘活促进农户非农创业的影响不同;传统型和跨越型社会资本强化了宅基地盘活对农户非农创业的影响效应。本文认为,应当完善宅基地有偿退出机制,制定合理的收益分享政策,健全宅基地流转市场,完善宅基地使用权抵押贷款机制,继续推动各地区宅基地产权制度改革的平衡发展,鼓励农户扩展社交网络,丰富社会资本。

Deeply exploring the reform of the property rights system of homesteads,revitalizing idle homestead resources,improving farmers'land property income,broadening farmers'income increasing channels,and encouraging farmers non-agricultural entrepreneurship to develop new rural businesses are important ways to revitalize the countryside.From the perspective of property rights,this paper uses CRHPS micro data of Zhejiang University.Probit model is used to empirically analyze the impact of homestead revitalization on farmers'non-agricultural entrepreneurship,and explore the moderating effect of social capital.The results show that:(1)The homestead revitalization has a significant promoting effect on farmers'non-agricultural entrepreneurship.(2)The effects on the non-agricultural entrepreneurship differ among regions.(3)Traditional and leapfrog social capital strengthen the effect of homestead revitalization on nonagricultural entrepreneurship.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the paid withdrawal mechanism of homesteads,formulate reasonable income-sharing policies,improve homestead circulation market,establish mortgage loan mechanism for homestead use rights,continue to promote the balanced development of homestead property rights system reform in various regions,encourage farmers to expand social networks and enrich social capital.