新中国初期戏曲新形态及其文本体制的奠立——从延安到黑龙江的戏曲改革实践

New Forms of Opera and the Establishment of Its Textual System in the Early Period of New China:Reform Practice of Opera from Yan'an to Heilongjiang

中国戏曲起始于1902年由古典演变为近代的性质,其间经由几次形态的变迁,20世纪40年代,经过20余年的实践,至20世纪60年代,一种新的形态得以确立。这就是以京剧“样板戏”为标志的戏曲形态。虽然这种形态并不始于京剧,而是因为京剧借鉴了当时和此前各种戏曲创造过程中经历过的各种表现形式,在特定的历史时代而选择和确定的审美样式;这种选择一旦由于政治运动的需要被推到发挥武器的功用作用而当作样板时,它的形式便连同它依附的内容被定于一尊,也同时成为样板推广开来。

Chinese opera began to evolve from a classical to a modern nature in 1902,during which it went through several changes of form.In the 1940s,after more than 20 years of practice,a new form was established in the 1960s,which is the form of opera marked by the Peking Opera as the"Model Opera".Although this form did not begin with Peking Opera,Peking Opera drew on various forms of expression experienced in the process of the creation of various types of operas at that time and even earlier,so that it was formed in a specific historical era with determination of the aesthetic style.This choice,due to the needs of political move-ment,was pushed to play the role of weapon and used as a model;thus,its form will be set together with the dependent content,both of which then become a model.