“贸易面向型”数字技术规则的发展演进研究——基于“美式模板”及“新式模板”对比的视角

Research on the Evolution of the Trade-oriented Digital Technology Rules——From the Perspective of Comparing the American and the Singaporean Templates

数字技术对于推动数字经济发展、加速经济社会数字化转型至关重要,虽蕴藏巨大潜力,但也带来了一系列治理难题。着眼于贸易协定中内嵌的“贸易面向型”数字技术规则,通过比较“美式模板”和“新式模板”中数字技术规则文本的异同,对当下数字技术治理的发展趋势作出研判。目前,“美式模板”已经围绕技术权力捍卫出台了一系列“技术非强制转让规则”,同时秉持“技术中性”的原则,推出了“技术贸易壁垒剔除规则”。“新式模板”在承袭“美式模板”的基础上包含了更多类别的数字技术,关注重点服务贸易部门的技术合作,以“合作鼓励”和“向善引导”结合的思路来规范新兴技术的使用,通过发展数据跨境流动和共享规则来推动数据驱动创新。

While digital technology is essential and holds immense potential to drive the development of the digi-tal economy and expedite the digitalization of economy and society,it also brings a series of governance challenges.From the perspective of the trade-oriented digital technology rules in trade agreements,this paper studies the devel-opment tendency of digital technology governance by comparing the content of related rules in the"American Tem-plate"and the"Singaporean Template".The"American Template"introduces the regulation of non-compulsory transfer of technology to safeguard the power of technology and proposes the rules of technology trade barrier elimi-nation while adhering to the principal of technological neutrality.Compared with the"American Template",the"Singaporean Template"includes a broader range of digital technology.It concerns about the technology applied in key service trade sectors,regulates the use of emerging technologies through the combined approaches of"encouraging cooperation"and"providing ethical guidance"and promotes the data-driven innovation by establishing the mecha-nisms for free flow of cross-border data and data sharing.