欧美日新型反补贴规则的逻辑、影响及其应对

The Logic and Effect of New Anti-Subsidy Rules by EU,U.S.,Japan and Response

在国际贸易补贴规制面临变革的情况下,各国在小多边和单边层面提出了改革方案。国际贸易中的补贴行为与补贴规则随着时代变迁有所发展,维护市场秩序、阻止降低社会总福利的补贴行为是补贴规则的根本目的,但随着新型补贴而来的反补贴新规在维持市场经济方面效果存疑。以欧美日方案、《外国补贴条例》和美国“汇率补贴新规”为代表的欧美日新型反补贴规则对传统规则进行了逻辑转向和规则升级,具体体现在拓展规制范围、引入竞争法规则和细化补贴专向性认定等方面。欧美国家的言行不一,折射其以反补贴规则限制他国发展相关产业、融入国际贸易体系的实质目的,中国需要经由国际法与国内法层面的不同路径消除欧美反补贴新规的不利影响。

The new subsidies rules represented by the"U.S.-Japan-European proposal",the Foreign Subsidies Regulation and the"new U.S.exchange rate subsidies regulation"made logical shifts and upgraded the traditional rules.Such shifts and upgrading are respectively reflected in the expansion of the scope of regulation,the introduction of competition law rules and the detailed determination of specificity.The inconsistency between the words and deeds of EU and U.S.reflects their substantive purpose of restricting other countries'development of industries and integration into the international trade system through subsidies rules,and China needs to eliminate the unfavorable impacts of such rules through different paths at the levels of international law and domestic law.