《黄帝内经》不同语境下“三焦”涵义考

Textual Research on Meaning of“Sanjiao”in Different Contexts of Huangdi’s Canon of Internal Medicine

《黄帝内经》中“三焦”一词见于22篇计40处,其中29处意义明确,历代注解无异义;4处有不同观点;另有存在校勘问题者4处;尚有三焦理、三焦下腧、三焦之源3个衍生名词。在不同语境下,29处意义明确的“三焦”分别指三焦腑、手少阳三焦经、上中下三焦,并无争议,只要在阅读过程中仔细分辨,就能够明确其所指。有争议处,为咳论篇之“三焦受之”“三焦咳”、四时气之“三焦约”、经别之“下走三焦”。4处“三焦”存在校勘问题,即“三焦”与“足三焦”、“三焦”与“上焦”(2次)、“三焦”与“三椎”。三焦理、三焦下腧、三焦之源3个衍生名词均与三焦理论有关。

The term“Sanjiao”is found in 40 places in 22 chapters of Huangdi’s Canon of Internal Medicine,of which 29 places have clear meanings and no ambiguity in the annotations of the past dynasties;4 places have different views;4 places have collation problems;and there are three derivative nouns:Sanjiao striae,lower point of Sanjiao,and Yuan-source point of Sanjiao.In different contexts,the 29 places with clear meanings of“Sanjiao”refer to the Fu-organ of Sanjiao,the abbreviation of Sanjiao meridian of hand Shaoyang,and the upper,middle and lower energizer,which are not controversial.As long as you distinguish carefully in the process of reading,you can clearly know what they refer to.The places with disputes are“Sanjiao reception”and“Sanjiao cough”in the chapter of Discussion on Cough,“Sanjiaoyue point”in the chapter of Climatic Changes in the Four Seasons,and“running downward to Sanjiao”in the chapter of Separate Meridians.There are collation problems in 4 places of“Sanjiao”,namely“Sanjiao”and“foot Sanjiao”,“Sanjiao”and“upper energizer”(twice),and“Sanjiao”and“Sanzhui”.The three derivative nouns of Sanjiao striae,lower point of Sanjiao,and Yuan-source point of Sanjiao are all related to the theory of Sanjiao.