高程度构式“没有最×,只有更×”分析

An Analysis of the High-Degree Pattern“No the Most X,Only More X”

构式“没有最×,只有更×”具有两种语义:鼓舞祝愿义与高程度评价义。经过历时分析与共时比较,高程度构式“没有最×,只有更×”的高程度评价义是由鼓舞祝愿义发展而来,只有具有量性特征的成分才可以进入该高程度构式,其高程度义的浮现机制是:在意外性与言者的主观操作下,“更”的量域范围逐步调整,最终产生高程度义,这也是导致程度副词“最”与“更”量级大小发生变化的根本原因。从语用功能角度来看,该高程度构式具有强调功能和反预期功能。高程度构式“没有最×,只有更×”中“最”与“更”量级大小的转变反映了程度副词量级序列在一定语境中是有弹性的,并且这一问题值得进一步探讨。

The structure“No the most X,only more X”has two semantics:encouragement,wishes and high-degree evaluation.After continuous analysis and temporal comparison,the evaluation meaning of the high-degree pattern“No the most X,only more X”develops from the meaning of encouragement and wishes,and only the components with quantitative characteristics can enter the high-degree pattern.The emerging mechanism is that the quantity range gradually adjust and eventually produce high degree meaning under the operation of the unexpected and the speaker,which is the primary cause leading to the magnitude change of degree adverbs“most”and“more”.From the perspective of pragmatic function,this high-degree pattern has function of emphasis and anti-expectation.The magnitude transition of“more”and“most”reflects that the magnitude sequence of degree adverb is elastic in a certain context,and this problem deserves further discussion.