所言真实和所评真实——以“说真的”和“真的”的差别为例

What Was Said Is True and What Was Evaluated Is True:Taking the difference between shuozhende and zhende as an example

具有“叙实性”的语言成分作为一种预设触发语,其本质是说话人对话语真实性的主观鉴定:既可以通过某种行为进行鉴定,也可以通过言说或评判进行鉴定。“说真的”和“真的”虽然都是具有叙实性的话语标记,都具有主观性,但由于一方面二者分别表现“主体的客观性”和“主体的主观性”,另一方面“说真的”具有内部和外部双重视角,“真的”只具有外部视角,这就使得它们对真实性的鉴定方式并不相同:“说真的”是“所言真实”,“真的”是“所评真实”。

As a trigger of presupposition,"factive"expressions are essentially the subjective appraisal of the authenticity of the speech by the speaker,and they can be appraised through certain behaviors,as well as through speech or judgment.Although both shuozhende and zhende are factive discourse markers with subjectivity,they express"the objectivity of the subject"and"the subjectivity of the subject"respectively.On the other hand,shuozhende reveals both internal and external perspectives,while zhende only an external perspective,which makes their ways of identifying authenticity dfferent:shuozhende means""what was said is true"and zhende means"what was evaluated is true".