环割油茶树春梢性状与根叶养分相关性分析

Correlation analysis between spring shoot characters and root leaf nutrients of Camellia lieifera Abel. by girdling treatments

为了研究环割对油茶春梢萌发期营养生长及养分调控的影响及养分与春梢生长特性的关系,以7年生无性系油茶为材料,进行360°环割、180°环割和不环割3种不同环割量试验,于环割口愈合前后分别测定叶、根有机及无机养分,调查春梢叶片表型、新梢长度及粗度等性状特性指标,并进行相关性分析,阐明油茶春梢生长与养分之间的关系。研究结果表明:(1)360°环割抑制了春梢生长,使单叶面积、新梢长度和粗度分别降低了9.47%、24.12%和20.55%,而180°环割对春梢生长影响不明显;(2)环割口愈合前,环割对油茶叶片氮的积累有抑制作用,对叶片磷、钾含量及根系氮、磷、钾的积累均有促进作用,环割口愈合后,环割对根、叶磷的积累影响不明显,但对氮、钾积累的抑制或促进作用仍然存在;(3)360°环割能明显促进油茶春梢叶片对可溶性淀粉和可溶性蛋白的积累,抑制春季叶片中的可溶性糖、可溶性淀粉和可溶性蛋白向根系运输;(4)油茶冬、春季叶片中氮、磷含量越高越有利于春梢生长,冬、春季根中氮、磷、钾养分含量高则始终不利于春梢生长,而春梢生长差会进一步影响根系有机营养的积累。可见环割促进了油茶叶片对磷、钾的积累,抑制了叶片对氮的积累,减弱了叶片的生长,同时影响了春季叶片同化物向根系运输,使360°环割下春梢营养生长受到抑制,而180°环割后叶片有机营养向根系运输,春梢营养生长未受到抑制。

To study the effects of girdling on the vegetative growth and nutrient regulation of spring shoots of Camellia lieifera during germination and the relationship between nutrients and economic characteristics of spring shoots,in this experiment,the organic and inorganic nutrients in the leaves and roots of C.oleifera were measured before and after germination of spring shoots,the leaf phenotype,length of spring shoots and diameter of spring shoots were investigated,and the correlation analysis was carried out to clarify the relationship between the growth of spring shoots of C.oleifera and nutrients.The results showed that:(1)360°girdling inhibited the growth of spring shoot and reduced the single leaf area,shoot length and shoot diameter by 9.47%,24.12%and 20.55%,respectively,while 180°girdling had no obvious effect on the growth of spring shoot;(2)Before girdling healing,girdling inhib-ited the accumulation of nitrogen in the leaves,and promoted the contents of phosphorus and potassium in the leaves and the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the roots.After girdling healing,the effect of girdling on the accumulation of phosphorus in the roots and leaves was not obvious,but the effect of inhibiting or promoting the accumulation of nitrogen and potassium still existed;(3)360°girdling could significantly promote the accumula-tion of soluble starch and soluble protein in spring shoots of the leaves,and inhibit the transport of soluble sugar,starch and soluble protein to the roots in spring leaves;(4)The higher the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves in winter and spring,the better the growth of spring shoot,and the higher the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the roots in winter and spring,the worse the growth of spring shoot,the worse the accumulation of organic nutrients in the roots.In conclusion,girdling promoted the accumulation of phosphorus and potassium in the leaves,inhibited the accumulation of nitrogen in the leaves,weakened the growth of the leaves,and affected the transport of leaf assimilates to the roots in spring.The vegetative growth of spring shoots was inhibited after 360°girdling,while the vegetative growth of spring shoots was not inhibited after 180°girdling.