噻苯隆作用下叶面肥养分组成变化对小麦生理代谢和产品要素的影响

Effects of nutrient composition changes of foliar fertilizer on physiological metabolism and product elements of wheat under thidiazuron treatments

为探究噻苯隆作用下叶面肥养分组成变化孕穗期喷施对小麦生理代谢、氮素吸收利用以及籽粒产量和品质的影响,以小麦“烟农19号”为试验材料,设置8个盆栽试验处理:A0(3.3mg·L^(-1)噻苯隆)、A1(3.3mg·L^(-1)噻苯隆+腐殖酸叶面肥)、A2(3.3 mg·L^(-1)噻苯隆+缺氮腐殖酸叶面肥)、A3(3.3 mg·L^(-1)噻苯隆+缺磷腐殖酸叶面肥)、A4(3.3 mg·L^(-1)噻苯隆+缺钾腐殖酸叶面肥)、A5(3.3 mg·L^(-1)噻苯隆+缺氨基酸腐殖酸叶面肥)、A6(3.3 mg·L^(-1)噻苯隆+缺硼腐殖酸叶面肥)和A7(3.3 mg·L^(-1)噻苯隆+缺腐殖酸叶面肥),每个处理重复3次。于2022年4月在小麦孕穗期后的1 d、5 d和9 d开始喷施,每次喷施量为150 mL。结果表明:叶面施肥能够提高叶片中叶绿素含量,但对类胡萝卜素含量影响不显著,同时促进可溶性糖的合成和抗氧化酶活性提高,其中氮、磷养分缺失会抑制过氧化氢酶活性,较A1处理降低了26.40%~31.12%;对于氮代谢,叶面施肥能够促进小麦对氮素的吸收和转化,其中氮、磷和硼缺失会降低叶片可溶性蛋白含量,抑制谷氨酸合成酶的活性,缺钾则会抑制叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,相比于A1处理活性降低了20.38%。叶面施肥能够不同程度地提高小麦籽粒产量,增加穗粒数和千粒重,但对总穗数影响不显著,而钾和氨基酸缺失则会降低小麦穗粒数;同时能够改善籽粒品质,增加籽粒中粗蛋白及蛋白组分含量,但影响不显著,而钾、氨基酸和硼缺失影响籽粒中清蛋白和球蛋白的合成。在噻苯隆的作用下,叶面肥中氮、磷、钾元素组成对小麦生理效应影响显著。研究结果为叶面肥养分配比的选择提供基础理论支持。

In order to investigate the impact of the changes of nutrient composition of foliar fertilizer on the physiological metabolism,nitrogen absorption and utilization,grain yield and quality under the action of thidiazuron during booting stage,the wheat“Yannong 19”was used as materials,and 8 experimental treatments with three re-peats per treatment were set up through pot experiments:A0(3.3 mg·L^(-1)thidiazuron),A1(3.3 mg·L^(-1)thidiazuron+humic acid-foliar fertilizer),A2(3.3 mg·L^(-1)thidiazuron+nitrogen deficiency humic acid-foliar fertilizer),A3(3.3 mg·L^(-1)thidiazuron+phosphorus deficiency humic acid-foliar fertilizer),A4(3.3 mg·L^(-1)thidiazuron+potassium de-ficiency humic acid-foliar fertilizer),A5(3.3 mg·L^(-1)thidiazuron+amino acid humic acid-foliar fertilizer),A6(3.3 mg·L^(-1)thidiazuron+boron deficiency humic acid-foliar fertilizer)and A7(3.3 mg·L^(-1)thidiazuron+humic acid defi-ciency foliar fertilizer).In April 2022,the foliar fertilizer was sprayed on day 1,day 5 and day 9 after the booting stage of wheat,and the spraying amount was 150 mL each time.The results showed that foliar fertilization could increase the chlorophyll content in the leaves,but it had no significant effect on the content of carotenoids.At the same time,the synthesis of soluble sugars and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were promoted.The lack of ni-trogen and phosphorus nutrients inhibited the activity of catalase,which was reduced by 26.40%-31.12%compared with A1 treatment.For nitrogen metabolism,foliar fertilization could promote the absorption and transformation of nitrogen in wheat.The absence of nitrogen,phosphorus and boron could reduce the soluble protein content in the leaves and inhibit the activity of glutamate synthase,while the absence of potassium could inhibit the activity of glu-tamine synthase in the leaves,which was 20.38%lower than that in A1 treatment.Foliar fertilization could increase the grain yield,grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight of wheat to varying degrees,but it had no significant effect on the total spike number,while the lack of potassium and amino acid could reduce the grain number per spike of wheat.At the same time,the quality of grains was improved,and the content of crude protein and protein compo-nents in the grains was increased,but the difference was not significant,while the lack of potassium,amino acid and boron could affect the synthesis of albumin and globulin in grains.Under the action of thidiazuron,the composition of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in foliar fertilizer had significant effect on the physiological effects of wheat.The results of this study provide some basic theoretical supports for the selection of foliar fertilizer distribution ratio.