深层肌肉刺激与肌电生物反馈干预脑卒中后患者小腿三头肌痉挛和步态的改变

Effect of deep muscle stimulation combined with electromyographic biofeedback on the spasms of the triceps surae and gait changes after stroke

背景:深层肌肉刺激疗法具有松解粘连、缓解痉挛、改善和恢复肌肉顺应性和弹性等作用;肌电生物反馈疗法能有效促进神经恢复和改善下肢运动功能和步态。目的:利用数字化肌肉检测仪和三维步态分析仪等手段综合评估深层肌肉刺激联合肌电生物反馈对脑卒中后小腿三头肌痉挛及步态改变的影响。方法:选取2020年10月至2023年10月在广东药科大学附属第一医院康复科住院且符合纳入标准的患者72例,随机分为对照组和联合组,每组36例。对照组接受常规康复治疗+肌电生物反馈+假性深层肌肉刺激,联合组在对照组基础上增加真性深层肌肉刺激治疗,5次/周,连续4周。统计分析两组治疗前、后患侧腓肠肌内外侧振荡频率和动态刚度、踝背屈主动关节活动度、胫骨前肌肌电信号、下肢Fugl-Meyer评分量表和三维步态分析相关参数。结果与结论:①两组患者治疗后患侧腓肠肌内外侧的振荡频率和动态刚度值较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),联合组较对照组降低更明显(P<0.05);②两组患者治疗后踝背屈主动活动度、胫骨前肌肌电信号和下肢Fugl-Meyer量表评分较治疗前明显增大或提高(P<0.05),联合组较对照组增大或提高更明显(P<0.05);③两组患者步速、步频、步幅均较治疗前明显增大(P<0.05),联合组较对照组增大更明显(P<0.05);健患侧支撑相百分比时间较治疗前降低(P<0.05),联合组较对照组降低更明显(P<0.05);④除健侧支撑百分比治疗前后变化量两组间比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)外,其余指标治疗前后的变化量联合组均较对照组效果更明显(P<0.05);⑤结果说明,深层肌肉刺激治疗仪联合肌电生物反馈短期内能有效缓解脑卒中后小腿三头肌痉挛、改善踝背屈功能和提高下肢运动功能及改善步态,治疗效果显著。

BACKGROUND:Deep muscle stimulation has the effects of releasing muscle adhesion,relieving muscle spasm,improving and restoring muscle compliance and elasticity.Electromyographic biofeedback therapy can promote nerve recovery and improve lower limb motor function and gait.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of the effect of deep muscle stimulation combined with electromyographic biofeedback therapy on the spasm of the triceps surae and gait changes after stroke by using a digital muscle detector and three-dimensional gait analysis system.METHODS:A total of 72 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected from the Rehabilitation Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University from October 2020 to October 2023.And they were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups(n=36 per group):a control group and a combined group.The control group received routine rehabilitation therapies,electromyographic biofeedback and pseudo deep muscle stimulation,while the combined group received true deep muscle stimulation treatment on the basis of the control group,five times per week,for 4 consecutive weeks.The oscillation frequency and dynamic stiffness of the affected gastrocnemius muscle,active range of motion of the ankle dorsiflexion muscle,electromyographic signal of the tibialis anterior muscle,Fugl-Meyer assessment of the lower limbs,and three-dimensional gait analysis parameters were statistically analyzed before and after treatment in two groups.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After treatment,oscillation frequency and dynamic stiffness values of the inner and outer sides of the affected gastrocnemius muscle in both groups of patients were significantly reduced compared with before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group showed a more significant decrease compared with the control group(P<0.05).The active range of motion of the ankle dorsiflexion muscle,electromyographic signal of the tibialis anterior muscle,and Fugl-Meyer scores after treatment were significantly increased or improved compared with before treatment(P<0.05),while the combined group showed a more significant increase or improvement compared with the control group(P<0.05).In terms of gait parameters,the walking speed,frequency,and stride in both groups of patients were significantly increased compared with before treatment(P<0.05),while the combined group showed a more significant increase compared with the control group(P<0.05).The percentage time of support phase on the healthy side was shortened compared with before treatment(P<0.05),while the combined group showed a more significant decrease compared with the control group(P<0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference between the two groups except for the percentage of healthy side support(P>0.05).To conclude,the combination of deep muscle stimulation and electromyographic biofeedback can effectively alleviate triceps spasm in the short term after stroke,improve ankle dorsiflexion function,enhance lower limb motor function,and improve gait.The treatment effect is significant and worthy of clinical promotion and application.