企业数字化转型、人力资本升级与高质量就业

Enterprise Digital Transformation,Upgrading of Human Capital,and High-quality Employment

数字化转型在改善企业经营模式、加快产业结构转型的同时,也对企业人力资本结构以及实现高质量充分就业产生了显著影响。利用2010—2020年中国A股上市公司数据,实证分析了企业数字化转型对人力资本升级以及高质量就业的影响。研究发现,企业数字化转型显著促进了人力资本升级。机制检验表明,企业数字化转型通过提高研发投入和扩张经营规模促进人力资本升级。异质性分析表明,企业数字化转型仅对非国有企业、制造业企业和小规模企业的人力资本升级具有促进作用。进一步讨论发现:企业数字化转型同时扩大了对高、低学历层次劳动力的需求,表明数字技术对低学历劳动力就业的替代效应并不显著;企业数字化转型带来了劳动力工作效率和就业质量的提高,推动了企业层面高质量就业的实现。因此,数字经济时代,企业要把握数字化转型机遇,注重对内部组织架构的数字化改造,提升对高技能劳动力的吸纳能力,推动人力资本升级,实现高质量就业,助力经济高质量发展。

While improving enterprise business models and accelerating structural transformation,enterprise digital transformation has a significant impact on high-quality full employment and the upgrading of human capital.Based on the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2020,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of enterprise digital transformation on the upgrading of human capital and high-quality employment.It is found that enterprise digital transformation significantly contributes to the upgrading of human capital.The mechanism test shows that this promoting effect is achieved by increasing R&D investment and expanding the operation scale.Heterogeneity analysis shows that enterprise digital transformation exerts a more pronounced impact on the upgrading of human capital in non-state-owned enterprises,manufacturing enterprises and small-size enterprises.Further discussions reveal that enterprise digital transformation increases demands for labor with high and low educational levels,indicating that the substitution effect of digital technology on employment of low-education labor is not significant;enterprise digital transformation brings out the improvement of the work efficiency,salary and treatment of the labor force,thereby driving the high-quality employment at the enterprise level.Therefore,in the digital economy era,enterprises should seize the opportunity of digital transformation,pay attention to the digital transformation of internal organizational structure,enhance the capability to attract high-skilled labor,advance the upgrading of human capital,achieve high-quality employment,and contribute to adapt to the high-quality economic development.