国内外海底接驳技术现状与关键

Current Status and Key of Undersea Junction Technology at Home and Abroad

海底接驳是将多个设备在水下连接,实现对电能和信息交互的集中管理,是研制深海勘探装备、构建海底观测网的核心技术之一。美国、日本、加拿大等海底接驳技术起步较早,逐步发展了负高压单级直流输电、大功率电能转换、水下湿插拔、大型光纤通信组网等技术,采用模块化设计、多级接驳盒互连的结构方式,已在多个海域建成了大型的海底观测网。近十年,随着国内开始布局近海海洋观测系统,接驳盒设计制造、负高压输电、远程通信与控制等技术发展迅速。以科学节点形式的水下接驳系统,已在多个海域成功应用。但目前,还没有形成大型的观测网,部分深水关键部件,例如水下湿插拔连接器、光电复合缆等,还主要依赖进口。在引进吸收国外先进技术的同时,研发高性能的控制器、大功率的转换模块、水下连接器以及光电复电缆将是未来接驳系统一个非常重要的方向。

Undersea junction technology is one of the core technologies for building a cabled ocean observatory system,which connects multiple devices underwater to manage the power and information.The undersea junction technology started earlier in United States,Japan,Canada and other country,which gradually developed negative high-voltage single-stage DC power transmission,high-power power conversion,underwater wet plug,large-scale optical fiber communication networking and other technologies.Using modular design and multi-level junction box interconnection,large subsea observatory has been built in many sea areas.In the past decade,with the domestic development of offshore ocean observation system,junction box design and high voltage power transmission,remote communication and control technology has developed rapidly,the scientific nodes undersea junction boxes have been successfully applied in a number of sea areas,but has not yet formed a large observatory.Some of the deepwater key components such as underwater wet plug connectors,cables are mainly dependent on imports.While introducing and absorbing foreign advanced technology,the development of high-performance controllers,high-power conversion modules,underwater connectors and photoelectric complex cables will be a very important direction of the future junction boxes.