茶园土壤有机碳库组分、影响因素及其稳定性研究进展

Research Progress on Soil Organic Carbon Pools Components,Influencing Factors and Stability of Tea Plantation

土壤是陆地生态系统有机碳赋存的重要载体.土壤碳库规模和周转的变化都可能影响大气中的CO_(2)浓度,促使全球气候变暖.茶树是我国重要的经济作物,作为多年生常绿作物,在有机碳的固存、分配与稳定中发挥着重要作用.针对茶园土壤有机碳研究仍存在诸多不确定性,尚缺乏系统认识与现状计量.为明晰茶园土壤有机碳库组分和稳定性,基于文献检索整理数据归纳结果,以Web of Science(WOS)和CNKI为数据源,系统剖析和总结1990-2023年共1906篇国内外茶园有机碳领域的研究成果及研究热点,并对茶园土壤有机碳库组分、影响因素及其稳定性进行系统梳理.结果表明:①该领域近30年文献量逐年增加且处于快速增长阶段,国际上的研究热点主要聚集在“碳”“茶树种植”“生长”“管理”等,国内的研究热点主要聚集在“茶园土壤”“土壤养分”“土壤肥力”等.②综合国内外的研究,茶园土壤有机碳含量与pH(R^(2)=0.0771)呈显著负相关,与黏粒含量(R^(2)=0.0771)、降水量(R^(2)=0.1999)、海拔(R^(2)=0.2489)、碱解氮含量(R^(2)=0.6842)和有效磷含量(R^(2)=0.6375)均呈显著正相关.③茶园土壤有机碳库的稳定性主要通过团聚体物理保护、化学键合和结构组分稳定以及生物调控来实现.未来还需结合多种现代技术,加强构建茶园土壤有机碳库影响因素、稳定机制以及预测模型和空间联网的长期定位观测研究,并因地制宜地构建茶园土壤碳增汇技术模式.研究结果对深入认知碳循环关键过程与机理,实现茶园可持续固碳具有重要意义.

Soil acts as a crucial carbon repository in terrestrial ecosystems,and fluctuations in its carbon pool size and turnover have a significant impact on atmospheric CO_(2)concentration and global warming.In China,tea trees are not only of economic significance,but also of ecological significance due to their perennial evergreen nature,contributing to the sequestration,distribution and stabilization of organic carbon.This study aimed to elucidate the components and stability of the soil organic carbon pools in tea plantations.Through a comprehensive literature review from 1990 to 2023,we synthesized research results of 1906 articles from Web of Science(WOS)and CNKI databases,and reviewed the components,influencing factors and stability of soil organic carbon pools in tea gardens.Our analysis reveals a growing body of research,particularly over the last three decades,with a surge in studies focusing on carbon dynamics within tea cultivation systems.International research mainly focuses on themes such as carbon sequestration,agricultural practices,and plant growth,while within China the focus has been on soil health,nutrient dynamics,and fertility in tea gardens.Our study provides global and regional meta-analysis and finds that soil organic carbon content in tea plantations is significantly negatively correlated with soil pH(R^(2)=0.1806)and air temperature(R^(2)=0.0878),among which pH was significantly negatively correlated,air temperature correlation was less significant,and positively associated with clay content(R^(2)=0.0771),precipitation(R^(2)=0.1999),elevation(R^(2)=0.2489),and nutrient amendments such as alkaline dissolved nitrogen(R^(2)=0.6842),and available phosphorus(R^(2)=0.6375).Furthermore,the stability of soil organic carbon pools in tea plantations is mainly achieved through physical protection of aggregates,chemical bonding and stabilization of structural components,and biological regulation.In the future,it is necessary to combine a variety of modern technologies to strengthen the construction of the factors affecting the soil organic carbon pool in tea plantations,the stabilization mechanisms,the prediction models,and the long-term positional observation research of spatial networking,and to construct the technology model of soil carbon sequestration in tea plantations in accordance with the local conditions.This paper is of great significance for the in-depth understanding of the key processes and mechanisms of the carbon cycle and the realization of sustainable carbon sequestration in tea plantations.