烟草制品包装警语条款的规范分析

Normative analysis of tobacco product packaging warning articles

我国烟草制品包装警语条款受烟草专营专卖模式中既有商业利益的消极影响,出现了价值目标较为模糊、制度完善动力欠缺和社会实效较弱等问题,而其集中管理的特征同时也是我国推进烟草制品包装警语条款完善的显著制度优势。研究烟草制品包装警语条款可从组织条款、标识客体条款和价值条款三方面进行规范解构和建构。组织条款中以烟草专卖许可证为起点和载体的传统监管模式要逐渐强化国家卫健委等卫生部门的主导地位,加强与烟草业无隶属关系的其他社会组织协同合作,增设竞业禁止规则,增强相关监管主体独立性,营造良好的戒烟环境。标识客体条款的类型化体现出警语内容针对性、警示性不强,要增强警语说服力和科学性,完善警语轮换制度。价值条款中既有价值目标的内在矛盾,亟需通过明确烟草制品包装警语条款“减少吸烟需求”“保障人民健康”的价值本质予以解决。若欲“健康中国2030”目标和《烟草控制框架公约》承诺如期实现,权利观念和人本观念必须真正贯彻始终,烟草专营专卖的计划管理模式仍可助推我国烟草制品包装警语条款更富成效。

Due to the negative influence of the existing commercial interests in the exclusive mode of tobacco monopoly,there are some problems such as fuzzy value target,lack of institutional improvement motivation,and weak social effectiveness.Meanwhile,the characteristics of concentrated management are also significant institutional advantages of promoting the improvement of the warning articles of tobacco products packaging in China.The study of tobacco packaging warning articles can be deconstructed and constructed from three aspects:organization articles,identification object articles and value articles.In terms of organization articles,the traditional supervision mode with tobacco monopoly license as the starting point and carrier should gradually strengthen the leading position of health departments such as the National Health Commission,strengthen cooperation with other social organizations that have no affiliation with the tobacco industry,set up restraint of competition,enhance the independence of relevant regulatory subjects,and create a good environment for smoking cessation.The type of the object articles of the logo shows that the content of the warning is less targeted and the warning effects are not strong.It is necessary to strengthen the persuasion and scientific support of the warning and improve the rotation system of the warning.The inherent contradiction of the value objectives in the value articles needs to be solved by clarifying the value essences of the warning articles which are"reducing smoking demand"and"protecting people's health".If the goals of the"Healthy China 2030"and the commitment of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control are to be realized as scheduled,the healthy rights and humanity must be truly implemented.The planned management model of tobacco monopoly can still help to make the warning articles on the packaging of tobacco products in China more effective.