论“限时法”与溯及力的价值选择——以防疫政策调整为例

On the value choice of"time limited law"and retroactive Force——Taking the adjustment of epidemic prevention policies as an example

我国防疫政策将新冠病毒从“乙类甲管”调整为“乙类乙管”,一些罪名出现了因政策调整导致构成要件内容发生变化的情形,这在实质上是一种特殊的“限时法”。“新法”对限时法期间内的生效判决不应具有溯及力,这不仅是坚守《刑法》第十二条第二款之规定,也是由于限时法和溯及力的价值所决定的。强调法的安定性,树立民众的规范意识是刑事治理现代化的题中应有之义,对于极少数刑罚不适正、显失公平的案件,应当畅通行为人的申诉途径,实现个案正义。

The epidemic prevention policy of our country has adjusted COVID-19 from"Class B A control"to"Class B B control",and some crimes have changed their constitutive elements due to policy adjustment,which is essentially a special"time limited law".The"New Law"should not have retroactive effect on effective judgments during the limited time period of the Criminal Law.This is not only determined by adhering to the provisions of Article 12(2)of the Criminal Law,but also because of the value of the time limited law and retroactive effect.Emphasizing the stability of the law and establishing public awareness of norms is a necessary part of the modernization of criminal governance.For a few cases where the punishment is inappropriate or manifestly unfair,the appeal channels for the perpetrators should be unblocked,to achieve individual case justice.