“非现场执法”制度探析及其对卫生执法领域启示

Exploration of the off-site enforcement system and its implications for the health enforcement field

“非现场执法”模式已在我国许多省市和领域得到推行。“非现场执法”为2021年修订后的《行政处罚法》第四十一条新增条款,但相关实施细则尚未加以规定和明确,不同省市和领域对“非现场执法”的理解不尽相同。卫生执法领域要实现“非现场执法”并对违法行为进行处罚面临证据能力和证明力的风险,即“非现场执法”获得的证据能否作为处罚依据。通过分析各领域的执法实践和立法,目前卫生行政处罚时较为稳妥的做法是将“非现场执法”作为发现一些违法行为的手段,同时规范使用“非现场执法”设备。

The off-site enforcement model has been implemented in many provinces,cities and fields in China.Article 4l of the Administrative Penalties Law,"off-site law enforcement",is a new article added in the amendment of 2021,and the relevant implementation rules have not yet been stipulated and clarified.Different provinces,cities and fields have different interpretations of"off-site enforcement".In the field of health law enforcement,off-site enforcement faces the risk of evidentiary capacity and strength of proof,and the key issue of whether evidence obtained from off-site enforcement can be used as the basis for punishment.By analyzing the law enforcement practices and legislation in various fields,a more prudent approach in the field of health law enforcement is to use off-site enforcement as a means to detect some violations and to regulate off-site enforcement equipment.