水果黄瓜不同嫁接组合对生长和品质的影响

Effects of different grafting combinations on growth and quality of fruit cucumber

用3个不同水果黄瓜品种和3个南瓜品种砧木进行嫁接试验,结果表明,浙秀3号和浙秀6号的植株长势强于碧翠18,浙秀6号的总产量最低。3个品种嫁接后植株整体生长势比自根植株强,其中与砧星亮嫁接后提高了植株的早期产量和总产量。3个品种均抗白粉病,浙秀3号、碧翠18中抗霜霉病,浙秀6号感霜霉病。浙秀3号、碧翠18与砧星亮、思壮18嫁接后提高了对白粉病的抗病能力;与白籽南瓜砧木嫁接后降低了对霜霉病的抗性。浙秀3号、碧翠18与3个砧木品种嫁接后,商品瓜蜡粉量均减少。嫁接后黄瓜中游离氨基酸、维生素C、可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物等4个营养成分含量降低,而可溶性蛋白含量和类胡萝卜素含量嫁接后均升高;嫁接还影响甜度、脆度、口感等感观品质指标,而对苦味、涩味、韧性、香气、水分等黄瓜品质指标影响较小。

The grafting experiment was conducted on rootstocks of three different fruit cucumber varieties and three pumpkin varieties.The results showed that the growth of Zhexiu 3 and Zhexiu 6 was stronger than that of Bicui 18,and the total yield of Zhexiu 6 was the lowest.After grafting with three varieties,the overall growth potential of the plants was stronger than that of the self-rooted plants.Among them,grafting with the rootstock Zhenxingliang increased the early and total yield of the plants.All three varieties were resistant to powdery mildew,Zhexiu 3 and Bicui 18 were resistant to downy mildew,and Zhexiu 6 was susceptible to downy mildew.The grafting of Zhexiu 3 and Bicui 18 with Zhenxingliang and Sizhuang 18 improved their resistance to powdery mildew;Grafting with white seed pumpkin rootstock reduced their resistance to downy mildew.After grafting with three rootstock varieties,the amount of cucumber wax powder decreased.After grafting,the content of free amino acids,vitamin C,soluble total sugars,and soluble solids in cucumber decreased,while the content of soluble protein and carotenoids increased;Grafting also affected sensory quality indicators such as sweetness,brittleness,and taste,while its impact on cucumber quality indicators such as bitterness,astringency,toughness,aroma,and moisture was relatively small.