减氮配施液体牛粪对辣椒生长、产量及品质的影响

Effects of nitrogen reduction combined with liquid cow dung on the growth,yield and quality of pepper

探究减氮配施液体牛粪对辣椒提质增效的影响,筛选出最佳的配施比例,为实现牛粪资源的高效利用及减施化肥提供一点参考。磷钾肥施用量控制不变,试验共设7个处理(CK:不施氮肥;T1:单施液体牛粪;T2:施氮100%;T3:减氮15%+液体牛粪;T4:减氮30%+液体牛粪;T5:减氮45%+液体牛粪;T6:减氮60%+液体牛粪)研究减氮配施液体牛粪对辣椒产量、品质的影响。各处理与对照CK相比,辣椒的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽分别增加了5.1%~20.0%、0.8%~19.3%、10.2%~35.3%、10.4%~23.7%;单株鲜干重分别增加了7.1%~85.1%、10.3%~104.3%;产量增加了11.8~47.8%;维生素C、氨基酸、还原糖含量分别增加了4.0%~20.0%、4.9~79.7%、15.6%~109.3%;亚硝酸盐含量降低了60.5%~138.2%。综合比较各项检测指标,处理T4效果最佳,价值最大。配施液体牛粪适量减施氮肥能够促进辣椒植株的生长,提高辣椒的产量和品质,在配施液体牛粪(67.5 t·hm^(-2))的标准下,氮肥最佳的减施量为30%。

To explore the effect of nitrogen reduction combined with liquid cow dung on the quality and efficiency of pepper,and screen out the best combination ratio to provide a reference for the efficient use of cow dung resources and the reduction of fertilizer application.The amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application remained unchanged.Seven treatments(CK,no nitrogen fertilizer;T1,liquid cow dung;T2,100%nitrogen;T3,15%nitrogen reduction with liquid cow dung;T4,30%nitrogen reduction with liquid cow dung;T5,45%nitrogen reduction with liquid cow dung;T6,60%nitrogen reduction with liquid cow dung)were set up to study the effects of nitrogen reduction with liquid cow dung on pepper yield and quality.Compared with CK,the plant height,stem diameter,leaf length and leaf width of pepper increased by 5.1%-20.0%,0.8%-19.3%,10.2%-35.3%and 10.4%-23.7%respectively;The fresh and dry weight per plant increased by 7.1%-85.1%and 10.3%-104.3%respectively;The yield increased by 11.8%-47.8%;The contents of vitamin C,amino acid and reducing sugar increased by 4.0%-20.0%,4.9%-79.7%and 15.6%-109.3%respectively;The nitrite content decreased by 60.5%-138.2%.Through comprehensive comparison of various detection indicators,T4 treatment has the best effect and the greatest value.The combination of liquid cow dung and appropriate reduction of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the growth of pepper plants and improve the yield and quality of pepper.Under the standard of liquid cow dung(67.5 t·hm^(-2)),the best reduction of nitrogen fertilizer is 30%.