生物质炭对设施大棚土壤改良和小白菜产量品质的影响

Effects of biochar on soil improvement and yield and quality of Chinese cabbage in greenhouses

常年连作温室大棚存在土壤酸化、重金属积累等土壤问题,严重制约了农业可持续发展和农产品安全生产,亟需对存在土壤退化问题的温室大棚土壤进行治理。通过田间小区试验研究了施用玉米秸秆生物质炭对土壤的影响,以及对小白菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,施用生物质炭土壤pH值提高了0.47~0.86,有机质含量提高了32.0%~65.6%,全氮含量提高了8.4%~19.3%,有效磷含量增加了38.9%~42.3%,有效态Cd含量降低了32.8%~47.7%。施用30 t·hm^(-2)生物质炭时,小白菜产量增加了18.8%,可溶性糖含量增加了27.8%。施用15和30 t·hm^(-2)生物质炭时,小白菜中硝酸盐含量分别降低了37.7%和44.7%,Cd含量分别降低了22.8%和60.5%。可见,高用量生物质炭能更有效地降低土壤有效态Cd含量和小白菜中Cd的含量。施用30 t·hm^(-2)生物质炭能更好地改良大棚土壤、提高小白菜产量和品质。

There are soil problems such as soil acidification and heavy metal accumulation in perennial continuous greenhouses,which seriously restrict the sustainable development of agriculture and the safe production of agricultural products,and it is urgent to treat the greenhouse soil with soil degradation problems.The effects of corn straw biochar application on soil,yield and quality of Chinese cabbage were studied through field experiments.The results showed that compared with the control,the pH value of the soil was increased by 0.47-0.86,the organic matter content was increased by 32.0%-65.6%,the total nitrogen content was increased by 8.4%-19.3%,the available phosphorus content was increased by 38.9%-42.3%,and the available Cd content was reduced by 32.8%-47.7%.When 30 t·hm^(-2) biochar was applied,the yield and soluble sugar content of Chinese cabbage increased by 18.8%and 27.8%,respectively.When 15 and 30 t·hm^(-2) biochar were applied,the nitrate content in Chinese cabbage decreased by 37.7%and 44.7%,and the Cd content decreased by 22.8%and 60.5%,respectively.It can be seen that high dosage of biochar can more effectively reduce the content of available Cd in soil and the content of Cd in Chinese cabbage.The application of 30 t·hm^(-2) biochar could better improve the greenhouse soil and increase the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage.