不同微生物菌肥及用量对茶园土壤和茶叶品质的影响

Effects of different microbial fertilizer and its dosage on soil and tea quality in tea garden

为了改善茶园土壤质量,降低茶叶安全风险,提高茶叶品质,探究适合松阳茶园土壤的最佳微生物菌肥及其用量。用枯草芽孢杆菌和胶质芽孢杆菌两种微生物菌肥及不同用量调控处理,通过为期一年的田间实验,测定土壤养分和茶叶产量与品质。各处理均能在一定程度上提升茶园土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,增幅分别为:2.44%~3.66%,3.01%~8.54%,5.36%~9.47%,3.66%~7.63%,3.38%~13.54%。施用菌肥显著降低了土壤有效态镉含量,降幅为10.53%~36.84%(P<0.05),施用高用量枯草芽孢杆菌肥料土壤有效态镉含量降幅最大,为36.84%。各处理均能在一定程度上提升茶叶全氮、全磷、全钾、咖啡碱、水浸出物含量等,增幅分别为:2.03%~12.46%,3.57%~17.86%,15%~20%,1.78%~8.44%,8.78%~47.61%。施用菌肥显著降低了茶叶镉含量,降幅为35.29%~70.59%,施用高用量胶质芽孢杆菌肥料茶叶镉含量最低,为0.05 mg·kg^(-1)。施用高用量枯草芽孢杆菌肥料相对于施用低用量该肥料茶叶镉含量有显著性下降,下降幅度为45.45%(P<0.05)。综上所述,两种微生物菌肥的施用有利于提升茶叶品质并能够有效的降低茶叶与土壤重金属镉含量,且随着菌肥浓度的增加,效果越显著。

In order to improve the soil quality of tea garden,reduce the safety risk of tea and improve the quality of tea,the best microbial fertilizer and its dosage suitable for Songyang tea garden soil were explored.Soil nutrients and tea yield and quality were determined by using two kinds of microbial fertilizer,Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus glia,and different dosage control treatments.The pH value,contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in tea garden soil were increased by 2.44%to 3.66%,3.01%to 8.54%,5.36%to 9.47%,3.66%to 7.63%and 3.38%to 13.54%,respectively.The application of bacterial fertilizer significantly reduced the content of available cadmium in soil,by 10.53%to 36.84%(P<0.05),and the application of high dosage of Bacillus subtilis fertilizer had the largest reduction of available cadmium content,by 36.84%.The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,caffeine and water extract of tea were increased by 2.03%to 12.46%,3.57%to 17.86%,15%to 20%,1.78%to 8.44%and 8.78%to 47.61%,respectively.The application of bacterial fertilizer significantly reduced the cadmium content of tea leaves by 35.29%to 70.59%,and the lowest cadmium content of tea leaves applied with high dosage of Bacillus glossum fertilizer was 0.05 mg·kg^(-1).Compared with low fertilizer application,the cadmium content of tea with high fertilizer application decreased significantly by 45.45%(P<0.05).In summary,the application of the two kinds of microbial fertilizer is conducive to improving the quality of tea gardens and effectively reducing the heavy metal cadmium content in tea and soil,and the effect is more significant with the increase of the concentration of microbial fertilizer.