四氧化三铁在造锍熔炼铁橄榄石炉渣中的行为

Behavior of Fe3O4 in Fayalite Slag during Pyrometallurgical Copper Smelting

造锍熔炼是火法炼铜的关键工序,通常采用铁橄榄石炉渣体系(SiO_(2)-FeO_(x)-MO,M代表金属)。系统讨论了四氧化三铁的性质、生成、溶解、析出、作用,以及危害与其消除方法等,并指出以往“在造锍熔炼中,四氧化三铁熔点高、黏度大,其生成将对造锍熔炼过程产生严重不利影响”这一观点是不全面的。在造锍熔炼中,四氧化三铁的生成及过饱和析出与温度、炉渣FeSiO_(2)质量比、体系中FeS和Cu_(2) S活度、SO_(2)分压等因素相关;Fe(Ⅲ)在炉渣中的溶解度决定于渣温。四氧化三铁过饱和析出于炉渣中后,炉渣黏度应按Einstein-Roscoe公式计算。此外,还对不同熔炼方法中炉渣温度和Fe SiO_(2)质量比不同的原因进行了分析。

Matte smelting is the key process of pyrometallurgical copper smelting,usually using the fayalite slag system(SiO_(2)-FeO_(x)-MO,M represents metal).The properties,formation,dissolution,precipitation and action of ferric oxide(Fe_(3) O_(4)),as well as the harm and its elimination methods were systematically discussed.It is also pointed out that the previous view“in matte smelting,ferric oxide has high melting point and high viscosity,and its generation will have a serious adverse effect on matte smelting process”is not comprehensive.In matte smelting,the formation and supersaturation precipitation of Fe_(3) O_(4) are related to factors such as temperature,mass ratio of Fe SiO_(2) in slag,activity of FeS and Cu_(2) S,and partial pressure of SO_(2).The solubility of Fe(Ⅲ)in slag is determined by the slag temperature.After the supersaturated ferric oxide precipitates into the slag,the viscosity of slag should be calculated according to Einstein-Roscoe formula.In addition,the reasons why the slag temperature and Fe SiO_(2) mass ratio are different in different smelting methods were analyzed.