老年人生活状况与衰弱相关性的横断面研究

A Cross-sectional Study on the Correlation between Living Conditions and Frailty in the Elderly

目的 分析老年人衰弱情况与生活状况的相关性。方法 采用方便抽样方法选取2021年8月-2022年2月在医院、社区和养老院共20家医疗机构体检及住院的4 869例老年人,根据Fried衰弱诊断标准,将研究对象分为非衰弱组(2 904例)、衰弱前期组(1 284例)和衰弱组(681例)。通过多因素logistic回归分析生活状况与衰弱的相关性。结果 衰弱总患病率为14.0%(95%CI:13.0~15.0),男性与女性患病率比较(11.9%和16.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组的年龄、性别、婚姻状况、家庭类型、月收入、职业类型、文化程度、体质量指数(BMI)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组的吸烟情况、吸二手烟、饮酒情况、职业情况、居住地类型、运动频率、运动时间、运动方式、睡眠质量、睡眠时间、生活满意度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic分析结果显示,校正了年龄、性别、婚姻状况、家庭类型、月收入、职业类型、文化程度和BMI等影响因素后,年龄≥80岁、女性、文化程度偏低、离职状态、居住在中小型城市、偶尔运动和睡眠时间不足8 h是老年人衰弱发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05),不吸二手烟、与家人一起居住和良好的睡眠质量是老年人发生衰弱的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论 老年人生活状况与衰弱发生具有相关性,可通过改变不良的生活方式来改善衰弱状况,提高生活质量。

Objective To analyze the correlation between frailty and living conditions in the elderly.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 4869 elderly people who underwent physical examination and hospitalization in 20 medical institutions in hospitals,communities and nursing homes from August 2021 to February 2022.According to the Fried frailty diagnostic criteria,the research subjects were divided into a non-frailty group(2904 cases),pre-frailty group(1284 cases)and frailty group(681 cases).Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between living conditions and frailty.Results The total prevalence of frailty was 14.0%(95%CI:13.0-15.0),and the prevalence of men and women was compared(11.9%and 16.3%),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences among the three groups in age,gender,marital status,family type,monthly income,occupation type,education level,and body mass index(BMI)(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences among the three groups in smoking status,second-hand smoke,drinking status,occupation status,type of residence,exercise frequency,exercise time,exercise method,sleep quality,sleep time,and life satisfaction(P<0.05).The results of the multi-factor logistic analysis showed that the independent risk factors for the occurrence of frailty in the elderly were age≥80 years old,female,low education level,unemployed status,living in small and medium-sized cities,occasional exercise and less than 8 hours of sleep after adjusting for influencing factors were age,gender,marital status,family type,monthly income,occupation type,education level and BMI(P<0.05),the protective factors for the occurrence of frailty in the elderly were not smoking secondhand smoke,living with family members and good sleep quality(P<0.05).Conclusion There is a correlation between the living conditions of the elderly and the frailty.Frailty can be improved and the quality of life can be improved by changing unhealthy lifestyles.