物理治疗对预防脑卒中后下肢深静脉血栓形成的应用现状

Physical Therapy Interventions for Lower Limb Deep Vein Thrombosis in Stroke Patients

脑卒中是一种高发病率的脑血管疾病,是导致我国居民致残以及死亡的首位病因,现患病人数高居世界首位。下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)是脑卒中常见并发症之一,脑卒中患者由于长期卧床,血流缓慢,血液处于高凝状态,容易诱发血栓形成,严重者甚至可能发生血栓脱落而致肺栓塞、猝死。目前已有多种物理治疗方法可预防DVT形成,主要包括物理因子治疗和运动疗法。其中物理因子治疗中的梯度压力袜和间歇性充气加压泵的预防效果较好。与药物预防相比,物理治疗的预防作用可以降低出血率,安全性相对较高。本文从脑卒中DVT发生的机制及其危险因素、物理预防方案及其适应证、优缺点作一综述,以期为临床预防DVT提供更多思路。

Stroke is a prevalent kind of cerebrovascular illness that has a high occurrence rate.It is the leading cause of disability and death among Chinese citizens,and now,China has the highest number of stroke patients globally.Lower limb deep vein thrombosis(DVT)often occurs as a consequence of stroke.Stroke patients have an increased susceptibility to thrombosis as a result of prolonged immobilization,sluggish blood circulation,and a tendency towards excessive blood clotting.In more severe situations,this may lead to pulmonary embolism and abrupt death.Currently,several physical techniques have been devised to mitigate the occurrence of DVT.These treatments include physical factor therapy and exercise therapy.The graduated compression stockings and intermittent pneumatic compression may enhance venous return in the lower extremities and decrease the likelihood of blood clot development.Physical prevention is more effective than pharmacological prevention in reducing the bleeding rate of patients and is considered to be a safer option.The prevalence and intensity of DVT in stroke patients are exceedingly elevated,thereby making the prevention of DVT a primary therapeutic concern.This study aims to give a comprehensive review of the latest literature on DVT in stroke patients.It will outline the mechanisms and risk factors of DVT,as well as the physical preventive schemes,including their indications,benefits,and drawbacks.The findings of this review will serve as valuable insights for clinical practice.