黄牛经济性状主效基因研究进展

Research Progress on Major genes of Economic traits in Cattle

牛是重要的家畜之一,在役用、肉用和乳用等方面对社会有着重要的贡献。通过鉴定牛经济性状相关基因及其变异有助于提高育种效率,增加经济效益。随着现代生物技术的发展,对牛经济性状主效基因的挖掘变得更加准确。已鉴定与牛生长发育相关的PLAG1基因,与繁殖相关的GDF9基因,与肉质相关的CAST基因,与胴体相关的MSTN基因,与毛色相关的MC1R基因,与泌乳相关的DGAT1基因等。针对牛不同性状进行合理的分子选育对牛业发展有着重要的经济价值和意义。本文对近年来黄牛生长发育性状、繁殖性状、肉质性状、胴体性状、毛色性状和泌乳性状主效基因研究进展进行综述,为今后黄牛遗传育种研究提供参考依据。

As an important animal husbandry, cattle play an important role in the long history of human civilization in service, meat, milk. Mining of economic traits-associated genes becomes more accurate as biotechnology advances: PLAG1 gene related to bovine growth, GDF9 gene related to reproduction, CAST gene related to meat, MSTN gene related to carcass, MC1R gene related to coat color, DGAT1 gene related to lactation, etc. Reasonable improvement for different traits of cattle has important economic value and significance for the development of cattle industry. This paper reviews the progress on the major gene of growth traits, reproductive traits, meat traits, carcass traits, coat color traits and lactation traits of cattle in recent years, providing reference for future research on cattle genetics and breeding.